Diospyros kaki: Difference between revisions

From Pl@ntUse
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
No edit summary
m clean up
 
(25 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Species
{{Species page (seed plant)
|prelude = Please complete this page with your data.
|image = Kaki5.jpg
|legend = a kaki tree in Japan
|author = Thunb.
|order = Ericales
|family = Ebenaceae
|genus = Diospyros
|nb chromosomes = 2n = 6x = 90
|origin = subtropical China
|status = cultivated
}}


Once done, please remove this page from Page to improve.
== Description ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Diospyros kaki3.jpg|flower
File:Diospyros kaki RJB.jpg|end of flowering
File:Developingpersimmoncropped3800ppx.jpg|green fruit
File:Diospyros kaki fruit 02 by Line1.JPG|tree in autumn
</gallery>


|Popular_names =  
== Popular names ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
*English: persimmon
*English: persimmon
*French: kaki
*French: kaki
Line 19: Line 35:
*Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA)
*Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA)


|biology =  
|}
|varieties =
 
|classification =
== Classification ==
''Diospyros kaki'' Thunb. (1780)
 
synonyms:
synonyms:
*non ''Diospyros kaki'' L.f. (1781)
*non ''Diospyros kaki'' L.f. (1781)
*''Diospyros chinensis'' Blume (1823), nom. nudum
*''Diospyros chinensis'' Blume (1823), nom. nudum
[[File:Persimmon(non astringent & astringent).jpg|thumb|250px|''upper fruit'': non astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right);<br>''lower fruit'':astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right). (Vineyard)]]


The pomological classification recognizes four groups:
The pomological classification recognizes four groups:
=== PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent) ===
=== PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent) ===
The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes them difficiult to handle. Known cultivars are 'Costata' and 'Lycopersicon' in Italy, and 'Hachiya' (conical), 'Tamopan' and 'Tane-nashi' (spherical) in California.
The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes it difficult to handle. Known cultivars are 'Costata' and 'Lycopersicon' in Italy, and 'Hachiya' (conical), 'Tamopan' and 'Tane-nashi' (spherical) in California.
 
=== PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent) ===
=== PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent) ===
The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells them as 'Sharon fruit', and they are known in French as kaki-pomme. A common cultivar is 'Fuyu' ou 'Fuyugaki'.
The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells it as 'Sharon fruit', and it is known in French as kaki-pomme. A common cultivar is 'Fuyu' or 'Fuyugaki'.
 
=== PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent) ===
=== PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent) ===
Parthenocarpic fruits, or fruits with few seeds, have a pale and astringent pulp. Pollinated fruits with many seeds have a pulp which turns brown and loses its astringence. Cultivated in Italy ('Kaki Tipo') and California ('Hyakume', 'Okame', 'Yemon', 'Yeddo-ichi'). Commercial names often refer to chocolate, cinnamon or brown sugar.
Parthenocarpic fruits, or fruits with few seeds, have a pale and astringent pulp. Pollinated fruits with many seeds have a pulp which turns brown and loses its astringence. Cultivated in Italy ('Kaki Tipo') and California ('Hyakume', 'Okame', 'Yemon', 'Yeddo-ichi'). Commercial names often refer to chocolate, cinnamon or brown sugar.
=== PVNA Group (Pollination variable non astringent) ===
=== PVNA Group (Pollination variable non astringent) ===
The fruit remains astringent.
The fruit remains astringent.
'Aizumishirazu', 'Hiratanenashi'  
'Aizumishirazu', 'Hiratanenashi'
|references =  
 
== Cultivars ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Diospyros kaki 2006-120-21.jpg|Sharon fruit
File:Diospyros kaki 'Fuyu' 20101209 b.jpg|Fuyu
File:Kesemek2.jpg|Kesemek from Indonesia
</gallery>
 
== History ==
The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species ''Diospyros roxburghii'' Carr. (1872) (2n = 30).
 
== Uses ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Ampo03.jpg|Kakibase, house to make anpogaki), a sulfur-dried Persimmon, made in Fukushima (Japan)
File:Dry persimmon light and shadow.JPG|at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan)
File:Hoshigaki Making.JPG|Drying persimmon in Japan
File:Korean.cuisine-Gotgam-01.jpg|dried gotgam persimmons in Korea
File:Drying Kaki.jpg|hanging for drying in front of an old house near Daedunsan (Korea)
File:Orderly dried fruit.jpg|in Xi'an, China
</gallery>
 
== Ethnology ==
[[File:Watanabe Shotei09.jpg|thumb|left|Bird on a Persimmon Tree, by Watanabe Shotei]]
[[File:PersimmonWatercolor.jpg|thumb|cv. Hachiya; watercolor by Amanda Newton (USDA, 1887)]]
 
== References ==
*Drouet François. Classification actuelle des variétés de Diospyros kaki. [http://www.coplfr.org/articles39a44/article43pagunique.html on line] (fr).
*Drouet François. Classification actuelle des variétés de Diospyros kaki. [http://www.coplfr.org/articles39a44/article43pagunique.html on line] (fr).
*Evreinoff V.-A., 1948. Le Plaqueminier du Japon ou Kaki. ''Fruits d'Outre-Mer'', '''3'''(4), 124-132.[http://www.coplfr.org/articles27a32/article32pag1.html on line] (fr).
*Evreinoff V.-A., 1948. Le Plaqueminier du Japon ou Kaki. ''Fruits d'Outre-Mer'', '''3'''(4), 124-132.[http://www.coplfr.org/articles27a32/article32pag1.html on line] (fr).
Line 43: Line 90:
*PROSEA 2, 1991. ''Plant resources of South-East Asia''. vol. 2. ''Edible fruits and nuts''. ed. by E.W.M. Verheij & R.E. Coronel. Wageningen, PUDOC/PROSEA. (Bogor, PROSEA, 1992). 447 p.
*PROSEA 2, 1991. ''Plant resources of South-East Asia''. vol. 2. ''Edible fruits and nuts''. ed. by E.W.M. Verheij & R.E. Coronel. Wageningen, PUDOC/PROSEA. (Bogor, PROSEA, 1992). 447 p.
*''Wealth of India (The)'', 1952. ''A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol. 3. Raw materials : D-E''. New-Delhi, Council of scientific and industrial research. XX-236-XXX p., 22 pl., index vol. 1-3.
*''Wealth of India (The)'', 1952. ''A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol. 3. Raw materials : D-E''. New-Delhi, Council of scientific and industrial research. XX-236-XXX p., 22 pl., index vol. 1-3.
|other =
|image = Image_needed_LHB.png
|uses =
|history = The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species ''Diospyros roxburghii'' Carr. (1872) (2n = 30).
|Prota = oui
|taxo = yes
|author = Thunb. (1780)
|desc =
|kingdom = plant
|order = Ericales
|family = Ebenaceae
|genus = [[Diospyros]]
|nbchro = 6x = 90
|origin = subtropical China
|area =
|status = cultivated
}}
[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2622577398635877::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Diospyros%20kaki,18485 link to Mansfeld page ]
[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Diospyros+kaki&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html link to IPNI page ]


[[category:Page to improve]]
== Links ==
*[http://eol.org/pages/483960/overview EOL]
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Diospyros+kaki&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Diospyros%20kaki GRIN]
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2622577398635877::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Diospyros%20kaki,18485 Mansfeld]
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Diospyros_kaki_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
*[[Diospyros kaki (PROSEA)|PROSEA on Pl@ntUse]]
*[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?h=M4&t=Diospyros,kaki&p=Diospyros+kaki Prota4U]
*[[Diospyros kaki (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]]


[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Diospyros%20kaki GRIN]


[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?h=M4&t=Diospyros,kaki&p=Diospyros+kaki link to Prota4U page]
[[Category:Garden plant, temperate]]


[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Diospyros_kaki_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
[[Category:Temperate fruit, major]]

Latest revision as of 17:30, 10 August 2016

Diospyros kaki Thunb.

alt=Description of Kaki5.jpg picture.
a kaki tree in Japan
Order Ericales
Family Ebenaceae
Genus Diospyros

2n = 6x = 90

Origin : subtropical China

cultivated

English {{{english}}}
French {{{french}}}



Description

  • flower
    flower
  • end of flowering
    end of flowering
  • green fruit
    green fruit
  • tree in autumn
    tree in autumn

Popular names

  • English: persimmon
  • French: kaki
see more European common names
  • Hindi: halwa tendu
  • Assam: dieng-iong, soh-tang-jong
  • Japanese: kaki
  • Chinese: shì
  • Indonesia: kesemek, buah kaki (PROSEA)
  • Malaysia: buah kaki, buah samak (PROSEA)
  • Cambodia: tonloëp (PROSEA)
  • Thailand: phlap chin (central) (PROSEA)
  • Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA)

Classification

Diospyros kaki Thunb. (1780)

synonyms:

  • non Diospyros kaki L.f. (1781)
  • Diospyros chinensis Blume (1823), nom. nudum
upper fruit: non astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right);
lower fruit:astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right). (Vineyard)

The pomological classification recognizes four groups:

PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent)

The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes it difficult to handle. Known cultivars are 'Costata' and 'Lycopersicon' in Italy, and 'Hachiya' (conical), 'Tamopan' and 'Tane-nashi' (spherical) in California.

PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent)

The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells it as 'Sharon fruit', and it is known in French as kaki-pomme. A common cultivar is 'Fuyu' or 'Fuyugaki'.

PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent)

Parthenocarpic fruits, or fruits with few seeds, have a pale and astringent pulp. Pollinated fruits with many seeds have a pulp which turns brown and loses its astringence. Cultivated in Italy ('Kaki Tipo') and California ('Hyakume', 'Okame', 'Yemon', 'Yeddo-ichi'). Commercial names often refer to chocolate, cinnamon or brown sugar.

PVNA Group (Pollination variable non astringent)

The fruit remains astringent. 'Aizumishirazu', 'Hiratanenashi'

Cultivars

  • Sharon fruit
    Sharon fruit
  • Fuyu
    Fuyu
  • Kesemek from Indonesia
    Kesemek from Indonesia

History

The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species Diospyros roxburghii Carr. (1872) (2n = 30).

Uses

  • Kakibase, house to make anpogaki), a sulfur-dried Persimmon, made in Fukushima (Japan)
    Kakibase, house to make anpogaki), a sulfur-dried Persimmon, made in Fukushima (Japan)
  • at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan)
    at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan)
  • Drying persimmon in Japan
    Drying persimmon in Japan
  • dried gotgam persimmons in Korea
    dried gotgam persimmons in Korea
  • hanging for drying in front of an old house near Daedunsan (Korea)
    hanging for drying in front of an old house near Daedunsan (Korea)
  • in Xi'an, China
    in Xi'an, China

Ethnology

Bird on a Persimmon Tree, by Watanabe Shotei
cv. Hachiya; watercolor by Amanda Newton (USDA, 1887)

References

  • Drouet François. Classification actuelle des variétés de Diospyros kaki. on line (fr).
  • Evreinoff V.-A., 1948. Le Plaqueminier du Japon ou Kaki. Fruits d'Outre-Mer, 3(4), 124-132.on line (fr).
  • Ragazzini Domenico, 1983. La coltivazione del kaki. Bologna, Edagricole. 164 p. (Coll. Frutticoltura moderna).
  • Sugiura A. & Taira S., 2009. Dried persimmon production in Japan. in Proc. IVth International Symposium on Persimmon (eds. E. Bellini & E. Giordani). Acta Hort., 833: 71-76.
  • PROSEA 2, 1991. Plant resources of South-East Asia. vol. 2. Edible fruits and nuts. ed. by E.W.M. Verheij & R.E. Coronel. Wageningen, PUDOC/PROSEA. (Bogor, PROSEA, 1992). 447 p.
  • Wealth of India (The), 1952. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol. 3. Raw materials : D-E. New-Delhi, Council of scientific and industrial research. XX-236-XXX p., 22 pl., index vol. 1-3.

Links

Retrieved from "https://plantuse.plantnet.org/en/index.php?title=Diospyros_kaki&oldid=300247"