Diospyros kaki: Difference between revisions
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|status = cultivated | |status = cultivated | ||
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== Description == | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Diospyros kaki3.jpg|flower | |||
File:Diospyros kaki RJB.jpg|end of flowering | |||
File:Developingpersimmoncropped3800ppx.jpg|green fruit | |||
File:Diospyros kaki fruit 02 by Line1.JPG|tree in autumn | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Popular names == | == Popular names == | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | |||
*English: persimmon | *English: persimmon | ||
*French: kaki | *French: kaki | ||
| Line 26: | Line 35: | ||
*Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA) | *Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA) | ||
|} | |||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
| Line 40: | Line 43: | ||
*non ''Diospyros kaki'' L.f. (1781) | *non ''Diospyros kaki'' L.f. (1781) | ||
*''Diospyros chinensis'' Blume (1823), nom. nudum | *''Diospyros chinensis'' Blume (1823), nom. nudum | ||
[[File:Persimmon(non astringent & astringent).jpg|thumb|250px|''upper fruit'': non astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right);<br>''lower fruit'':astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed right. (Vineyard)]] | [[File:Persimmon(non astringent & astringent).jpg|thumb|250px|''upper fruit'': non astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right);<br>''lower fruit'':astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right). (Vineyard)]] | ||
The pomological classification recognizes four groups: | The pomological classification recognizes four groups: | ||
=== PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent) === | === PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent) === | ||
The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes | The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes it difficult to handle. Known cultivars are 'Costata' and 'Lycopersicon' in Italy, and 'Hachiya' (conical), 'Tamopan' and 'Tane-nashi' (spherical) in California. | ||
=== PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent) === | === PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent) === | ||
The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells | The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells it as 'Sharon fruit', and it is known in French as kaki-pomme. A common cultivar is 'Fuyu' or 'Fuyugaki'. | ||
=== PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent) === | === PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent) === | ||
| Line 57: | Line 60: | ||
== Cultivars == | == Cultivars == | ||
<gallery | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File:Diospyros kaki 2006-120-21.jpg|Sharon fruit | File:Diospyros kaki 2006-120-21.jpg|Sharon fruit | ||
File:Diospyros kaki 'Fuyu' 20101209 b.jpg|Fuyu | File:Diospyros kaki 'Fuyu' 20101209 b.jpg|Fuyu | ||
| Line 64: | Line 67: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species ''Diospyros roxburghii'' Carr. (1872) (2n = 30). | The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species ''Diospyros roxburghii'' Carr. (1872) (2n = 30). | ||
== Uses == | == Uses == | ||
<gallery | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File: | File:Ampo03.jpg|Kakibase, house to make anpogaki), a sulfur-dried Persimmon, made in Fukushima (Japan) | ||
File:Dry persimmon light and shadow.JPG|at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan) | File:Dry persimmon light and shadow.JPG|at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan) | ||
File:Hoshigaki Making.JPG|Drying persimmon in Japan | File:Hoshigaki Making.JPG|Drying persimmon in Japan | ||
File:Korean.cuisine-Gotgam-01.jpg|dried gotgam persimmons in Korea | |||
File:Drying Kaki.jpg|hanging for drying in front of an old house near Daedunsan (Korea) | |||
File:Orderly dried fruit.jpg|in Xi'an, China | File:Orderly dried fruit.jpg|in Xi'an, China | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== Ethnology == | == Ethnology == | ||
[[File:Watanabe Shotei09.jpg|thumb|Bird on a Persimmon Tree, by Watanabe Shotei]] | [[File:Watanabe Shotei09.jpg|thumb|left|Bird on a Persimmon Tree, by Watanabe Shotei]] | ||
[[File:PersimmonWatercolor.jpg|thumb|cv. Hachiya; watercolor by Amanda Newton (USDA, 1887)]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 90: | Line 92: | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
*[http:// | *[http://eol.org/pages/483960/overview EOL] | ||
*[http://www. | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Diospyros+kaki&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Diospyros%20kaki GRIN] | *[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Diospyros%20kaki GRIN] | ||
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2622577398635877::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Diospyros%20kaki,18485 Mansfeld] | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2622577398635877::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Diospyros%20kaki,18485 Mansfeld] | ||
*[http://www. | *[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Diospyros_kaki_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | ||
*[[Diospyros kaki (PROSEA)|PROSEA on Pl@ntUse]] | |||
[[ | *[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?h=M4&t=Diospyros,kaki&p=Diospyros+kaki Prota4U] | ||
*[[Diospyros kaki (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]] | |||
[[Category:Garden plant, temperate]] | [[Category:Garden plant, temperate]] | ||
[[Category:Temperate fruit, major]] | [[Category:Temperate fruit, major]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:30, 10 August 2016
Diospyros kaki Thunb.
| Order | Ericales |
|---|---|
| Family | Ebenaceae |
| Genus | Diospyros |
2n = 6x = 90
Origin : subtropical China
cultivated
| English | {{{english}}} |
|---|---|
| French | {{{french}}} |
Description
-
flower -
end of flowering -
green fruit
-
tree in autumn
Popular names
- English: persimmon
- French: kaki
- Hindi: halwa tendu
- Assam: dieng-iong, soh-tang-jong
- Japanese: kaki
- Chinese: shì
- Indonesia: kesemek, buah kaki (PROSEA)
- Malaysia: buah kaki, buah samak (PROSEA)
- Cambodia: tonloëp (PROSEA)
- Thailand: phlap chin (central) (PROSEA)
- Vietnam: thi, hông (PROSEA)
Classification
Diospyros kaki Thunb. (1780)
synonyms:
- non Diospyros kaki L.f. (1781)
- Diospyros chinensis Blume (1823), nom. nudum
.jpg)
lower fruit:astringent, unripe (left) and mellowed (right). (Vineyard)
The pomological classification recognizes four groups:
PCA Group (Pollination constant astringent)
The fruit pulp is not influenced by pollination. The fruit is unedible when harvested, and must become mushy to be traded and eaten, which makes it difficult to handle. Known cultivars are 'Costata' and 'Lycopersicon' in Italy, and 'Hachiya' (conical), 'Tamopan' and 'Tane-nashi' (spherical) in California.
PCNA Group (Pollination constant non astringent)
The fruit is not astringent (even if seedless), and can be eaten when still crisp, as an apple. Israel sells it as 'Sharon fruit', and it is known in French as kaki-pomme. A common cultivar is 'Fuyu' or 'Fuyugaki'.
PVA Group (Pollination variable astringent)
Parthenocarpic fruits, or fruits with few seeds, have a pale and astringent pulp. Pollinated fruits with many seeds have a pulp which turns brown and loses its astringence. Cultivated in Italy ('Kaki Tipo') and California ('Hyakume', 'Okame', 'Yemon', 'Yeddo-ichi'). Commercial names often refer to chocolate, cinnamon or brown sugar.
PVNA Group (Pollination variable non astringent)
The fruit remains astringent. 'Aizumishirazu', 'Hiratanenashi'
Cultivars
-
Sharon fruit -
Fuyu -
Kesemek from Indonesia
History
The probable progenitor of this hexaploid species is the wild diploid species Diospyros roxburghii Carr. (1872) (2n = 30).
Uses
-
Kakibase, house to make anpogaki), a sulfur-dried Persimmon, made in Fukushima (Japan) -
at Kanzo yashiki ("licorice house"), Koshu city, Yamanashi (Japan) -
Drying persimmon in Japan -
dried gotgam persimmons in Korea -
hanging for drying in front of an old house near Daedunsan (Korea) -
in Xi'an, China
Ethnology
References
- Drouet François. Classification actuelle des variétés de Diospyros kaki. on line (fr).
- Evreinoff V.-A., 1948. Le Plaqueminier du Japon ou Kaki. Fruits d'Outre-Mer, 3(4), 124-132.on line (fr).
- Ragazzini Domenico, 1983. La coltivazione del kaki. Bologna, Edagricole. 164 p. (Coll. Frutticoltura moderna).
- Sugiura A. & Taira S., 2009. Dried persimmon production in Japan. in Proc. IVth International Symposium on Persimmon (eds. E. Bellini & E. Giordani). Acta Hort., 833: 71-76.
- PROSEA 2, 1991. Plant resources of South-East Asia. vol. 2. Edible fruits and nuts. ed. by E.W.M. Verheij & R.E. Coronel. Wageningen, PUDOC/PROSEA. (Bogor, PROSEA, 1992). 447 p.
- Wealth of India (The), 1952. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol. 3. Raw materials : D-E. New-Delhi, Council of scientific and industrial research. XX-236-XXX p., 22 pl., index vol. 1-3.