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{{Page espèce (plante à graines)
{{Page espèce (plante à graines)
|image = Image non disponible.JPG
|image = Splendeur Automnale à Montréal.jpg
|légende =  
|légende = arbre à Montréal
|auteur =  
|auteur = Marshall
|ordre = Sapindales
|ordre = Sapindales
|famille = Sapindaceae
|famille = Sapindaceae
|genre = Acer
|genre = Acer
|nb chromosomes = 2n =  
|nb chromosomes = 2n = 26
|origine =  
|origine = est Amérique du Nord
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
|statut = sauvage et cultivé
|francais = ''' '''
|français = '''érable à sucre'''
|anglais = ''' '''
|anglais = '''sugar maple'''
}}{{Encadré
|color=lightgreen
|titre=Résumé des usages
|texte=*sève donnant un sucre liquide : sirop d'érable
*bois d'œuvre
*écorce alimentaire
*médicinal
}}
}}
Cette page a été créée par un robot. Les premières tâches à faire sont de vérifier les liens, de clarifier la nomenclature et de choisir des photos dans Wikimedia Commons.
== Description ==
 
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Acer saccharum trunk.jpg|tronc
File:Acer saccharum bud CT2.jpg|bourgeons
File:Acer saccharum 2-jgreenlee (5098070702).jpg|feuilles
File:Sugar maple 3220.jpg|fruits
File:Acer saccharum range map 1.png|répartition
</gallery>


== Noms populaires ==
== Noms populaires ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
| français
| érable à sucre / sirop d’érable
|-
| anglais
| sugar maple / maple syrup
|-
| allemand
| Zuckerahorn / Ahornsirup
|-
| néerlandais
| suikeresdoorn / esdoornsiroop
|-
| italien
| acero da zucchero / sciroppo di acero
|-
| espagnol
| arce de azúcar / jarabe de arce
|}
|}


== Description ==
== Classification ==
''Acer saccharum'' Marshall (1785)


== Classification ==
synonyme :
*''Acer saccharinum'' Wangenh. (1787) (non L. 1753)


== Cultivars ==
== Cultivars ==


== Histoire ==
== Histoire ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:NAS-042 Acer saccharum.png|Michaux, 1819. ''North American sylva'', pl. 42.
</gallery>


== Usages ==
== Usages ==
{{Citation encadré
|texte=''Acer saccharinum'' Wangenh. ROCK MAPLE. SUGAR MAPLE. North America. This large, handsome tree must be included among cultivated food plants, as in some sections of New England groves are protected and transplanted for the use of the tree to furnish sugar. The tree is found from 48° north in Canada, to the mountains in Georgia and from Nova Scotia to Arkansas and the Rocky Mountains. The sap from the trees growing in maple orchards may give as an average one pound of sugar to four gallons of sap, and a single tree may furnish four or five pounds, although extreme yields have been put as high as thirty-three pounds from a single tree. The manufacture of sugar from the sap of the maple was known to the Indians, for Jefferys<ref>Jefferys, T. ''Nat. Hist. Amer.'' 41. 1760.</ref>, 1760, says that in Canada "this tree affords great quantities of a cooling and wholesome liquor from which they make a sort of sugar," and Jonathan Carver<ref>Carver, J. ''Travs. No. Amer.'' 496. 1778.</ref>, in 1784, says the Nandowessies Indians of the West consume the sugar which they have extracted from the maple tree." In 1870, the Winnebagoes and Chippewas are said often to sell to the Northwest Fur Company fifteen thousand pounds of sugar a year. The sugar season among the Indians is a sort of carnival, and boiling candy and pouring it out on the snow to cool is the pastime of the children.
<references/>
|auteur =[[:en:Acer (Sturtevant, 1919)#Acer saccharinum|Sturtevant, ''Notes on edible plants'', 1919]].
}}


== Références ==
== Références ==
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 674)


== Liens ==
== Liens ==
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Acer%20saccharum&SearchCat= BHL]  
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Acer%20saccharum&SearchCat= BHL]  
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
*[http://www.feedipedia.org/ Feedipedia]
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/maples14.html#bir Grieve's herbal]
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/maples14.html#bir Grieve's herbal]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Acer%20saccharum GRIN]
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409105 GRIN]
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Acer%20saccharum&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Acer%20saccharum&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Acer%20saccharum,,, Mansfeld]
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Acer%20saccharum,,, Mansfeld]
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Acer%20saccharum Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
*[http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=acer+saccharum Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Acer.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Acer.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Acer_saccharum_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
*[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Crops/Black_sugar_maple.html NewCrop Purdue]
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Acer+saccharum Plant List]
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Acer+saccharum Plant List]
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acer%20saccharum Plants for a future]
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acer%20saccharum Plants for a future]
*[http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea.php PROSEA]
*[https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-120951 Tela Botanica]
*[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Acer%20saccharum Tela Botanica]
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Acer%20saccharum Useful Tropical Plants Database]
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20saccharum Wikipédia]
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20saccharum Wikipédia]
*[http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Acer%20saccharum Wikiphyto]


[[Category:Acer]]
[[Category:Acer]]

Dernière version du 20 juin 2020 à 08:47

Acer saccharum Marshall

alt=Description de l'image Splendeur Automnale à Montréal.jpg.
arbre à Montréal
Ordre Sapindales
Famille Sapindaceae
Genre Acer

2n = 26

Origine : est Amérique du Nord

sauvage et cultivé

Français érable à sucre
Anglais sugar maple


Résumé des usages
  • sève donnant un sucre liquide : sirop d'érable
  • bois d'œuvre
  • écorce alimentaire
  • médicinal


Description

  • tronc
    tronc
  • bourgeons
    bourgeons
  • feuilles
    feuilles
  • fruits
    fruits
  • répartition
    répartition

Noms populaires

français érable à sucre / sirop d’érable
anglais sugar maple / maple syrup
allemand Zuckerahorn / Ahornsirup
néerlandais suikeresdoorn / esdoornsiroop
italien acero da zucchero / sciroppo di acero
espagnol arce de azúcar / jarabe de arce

Classification

Acer saccharum Marshall (1785)

synonyme :

  • Acer saccharinum Wangenh. (1787) (non L. 1753)

Cultivars

Histoire

  • Michaux, 1819. North American sylva, pl. 42.
    Michaux, 1819. North American sylva, pl. 42.

Usages

Acer saccharinum Wangenh. ROCK MAPLE. SUGAR MAPLE. North America. This large, handsome tree must be included among cultivated food plants, as in some sections of New England groves are protected and transplanted for the use of the tree to furnish sugar. The tree is found from 48° north in Canada, to the mountains in Georgia and from Nova Scotia to Arkansas and the Rocky Mountains. The sap from the trees growing in maple orchards may give as an average one pound of sugar to four gallons of sap, and a single tree may furnish four or five pounds, although extreme yields have been put as high as thirty-three pounds from a single tree. The manufacture of sugar from the sap of the maple was known to the Indians, for Jefferys[1], 1760, says that in Canada "this tree affords great quantities of a cooling and wholesome liquor from which they make a sort of sugar," and Jonathan Carver[2], in 1784, says the Nandowessies Indians of the West consume the sugar which they have extracted from the maple tree." In 1870, the Winnebagoes and Chippewas are said often to sell to the Northwest Fur Company fifteen thousand pounds of sugar a year. The sugar season among the Indians is a sort of carnival, and boiling candy and pouring it out on the snow to cool is the pastime of the children.

  1. ↑ Jefferys, T. Nat. Hist. Amer. 41. 1760.
  2. ↑ Carver, J. Travs. No. Amer. 496. 1778.


Références

Liens

Récupérée de "https://plantuse.plantnet.org/fr/index.php?title=Acer_saccharum&oldid=295781"