« Syzygium cumini » : différence entre les versions
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(16 versions intermédiaires par le même utilisateur non affichées) | |||
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|genre = Syzygium | |genre = Syzygium | ||
|nb chromosomes = 2n = 22, 42, 44, 66 ? | |nb chromosomes = 2n = 22, 42, 44, 66 ? | ||
|origine = Inde, Indochine, sud de la Chine | |origine = nord de l'Inde, Indochine, sud de la Chine | ||
|statut = sauvage ou cultivé | |statut = sauvage ou cultivé | ||
|français = '''jamelongue''' | |français = '''jamelongue'''*Voir l'étymologie de [[Etymologie des noms scientifiques#|]] | ||
|anglais = '''jambolan''' | |anglais = '''jambolan''' | ||
}}{{Encadré | }}{{Encadré | ||
|color=lightgreen | |color=lightgreen | ||
|titre=Résumé des usages | |titre=Résumé des usages | ||
|texte=*bois d'œuvre | |texte=*fruit comestible | ||
*fruit transformé en vin et vinaigre | |||
*médicinal : fruit, graines, feuilles, écorce | |||
*bois d'œuvre | |||
*bois de feu | |||
*arbre d'ombrage et brise-vent | |||
*ornemental | |||
*feuilles fourragères | |||
*mellifère | |||
*tanin : écorce | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | ||
| français | | français | ||
| jamelongue ; jamblongue (La Réunion) ; tété-négresse (Antilles) | | jamelongue, jamblon ; jamblongue (La Réunion) ; tété-négresse (Antilles) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| anglais | | anglais | ||
| jambolan, Java plum | | jambolan, Java plum ; Jack Plum ; Damson tree (Jamaïque) (Rollet) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| allemand | | allemand | ||
Ligne 39 : | Ligne 48 : | ||
|- | |- | ||
| néerlandais | | néerlandais | ||
| | | jambolan | ||
|- | |- | ||
| italien | | italien | ||
Ligne 51 : | Ligne 60 : | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chinois | | chinois | ||
| | | 乌墨 - wu mo (Flora of China) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sanscrit | | sanscrit | ||
| | | जम्बु - jambu, जम्बू - jambū, जम्बुलः - jambulā (Monier-Williams) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hindi | | hindi | ||
| | | jāmun ; jaman, jam (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bengali | | bengali | ||
| | | jam, kalajam (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| marathi | | marathi | ||
| | | jamal, jambul (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gujerati | | gujerati | ||
| | | jambu, jamli (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |||
| konkani | |||
| zāmbal (arbre), zāmbūl, pl. zāmbuḷām (fruit) (Dalgado) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| telugu | | telugu | ||
| | | neereedu (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tamoul | | tamoul | ||
| | | neredam, naval, sambal (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kannada | | kannada | ||
| | | nerale (Wealth of India) ; ನೇರಳೆಹಣ್ - nerale hannu (Wikipedia en) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| malayalam | | malayalam | ||
| | | naval, perinnaral (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| oriya | | oriya | ||
| | | jamo (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Nepal | ||
| | | kalajam (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Punjab | | Punjab | ||
| | | jammu (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mundari | | Mundari | ||
| | | dinkikudadaru (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Lepcha | ||
| | | phoberkung (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Andamans | ||
| | | thabye, jamun (Wealth of India) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Philippines | | Philippines | ||
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| thabyay-hpyoo (PROSEA) | | thabyay-hpyoo (PROSEA) | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Voir l'étymologie de [[Etymologie des noms scientifiques#cumini|''cumini'']], [[Etymologie des noms scientifiques#jambos|''jambos'']] et de [[Etymologie des noms scientifiques#jambolana|''jambolana'']]. | |||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
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synonyme : | synonyme : | ||
*''Eugenia jambolana'' Lam. (1789) | *''Eugenia jambolana'' Lam. (1789) | ||
*''Calyptranthes jambolana'' (Lam.) Willd. (1796) | |||
== Cultivars == | == Cultivars == | ||
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<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
File:Jambolan or Java plum (Eugenia jambolana Lam.); branch with Wellcome V0042636.jpg|perin-njara vol. 5 pl. 29 [[Rheede, illustrations|Rheede 1685, ''Hortus Malabaricus'']] | File:Jambolan or Java plum (Eugenia jambolana Lam.); branch with Wellcome V0042636.jpg|perin-njara vol. 5 pl. 29 [[Rheede, illustrations|Rheede 1685, ''Hortus Malabaricus'']] | ||
File:Jambolan or Java plum (Eugenia jambolana Lam.); fruiting bra Wellcome V0042706.jpg|Berthe Hoola van Nooten, XIXe, | File:Jambolan or Java plum (Eugenia jambolana Lam.); fruiting bra Wellcome V0042706.jpg|Berthe Hoola van Nooten, XIXe, ''Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java'' | ||
File:Syzygium cumini Blanco1.174.png|Blanco, 1880-1883, ''Flora de Filipinas'' | File:Syzygium cumini Blanco1.174.png|Blanco, 1880-1883, ''Flora de Filipinas'' | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Cette espèce est le véritable '''jambu''' des textes sanscrits, qui appellent l'Inde जम्बुद्वीप - jambudvīpa, le "pays des jambu", d'où coule une rivière de jus de jambu (Wujastyk, 2004). | |||
== Usages == | == Usages == | ||
{{Citation encadré | |||
|texte=In S Asia a very ancient fruit crop, venerated by Buddhists and considered to be sacred to Krishna and planted near Hinduistic temples. Nowadays cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions in Asia (from India to S China, the Philippines and Indonesia), Africa (Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, Algeria), America (from California, Florida and the Antilles to Venezuela, Suriname and Brazil), Australia and Oceania; to Israel introduced about 1940. The fruits have a sweet or subacid flavour and are eaten raw or serve to produce tarts, jams and sauces. Jambolan juice is also excellent for making various beverages (e.g. vines and vinegar) and preserves vinegars. Fruits, seeds, leaves and bark of the tree are used in the folk medicine. The tree is also important for apiculture. Jambolan honey is of fine quality. The bark contains tannin. It is used for tanning leather and preserving fishing nets. The red or brownish-gray wood is used in India for various construction purposes. | |||
|auteur=Mansfeld. | |||
}} | |||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
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*Morton, Julia, 1987. Jambolan. p. 375–378. In: ''Fruits of warm climates''. Julia F. Morton, Miami (Floride). [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html sur NewCrop Purdue] | *Morton, Julia, 1987. Jambolan. p. 375–378. In: ''Fruits of warm climates''. Julia F. Morton, Miami (Floride). [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html sur NewCrop Purdue] | ||
*Orta, Garcia d', 1563. ''Coloquios dos simples, e drogas he cousas mediçinais da India''. Goa, Ioannes de Endem. 250 p. Edité et annoté par Conde de Ficalho en 1891-92. [[Coloquio 28 (Garcia da Orta)|Colloque 28 sur Pl@ntUse]] | *Orta, Garcia d', 1563. ''Coloquios dos simples, e drogas he cousas mediçinais da India''. Goa, Ioannes de Endem. 250 p. Edité et annoté par Conde de Ficalho en 1891-92. [[Coloquio 28 (Garcia da Orta)|Colloque 28 sur Pl@ntUse]] | ||
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Syzygium cumini (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]]. | |||
*Wujastyk, Dominik, 2004. Jambudvīpa: Apples or Plums? in : Burnett, Charles ''et al.'', ''Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in honour of David Pingree'', p. 287-301. [https://dominikwujastyk.academia.edu/research#papers Academia] | |||
== Liens == | == Liens == | ||
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*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | *[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | ||
*[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/91 Feedipedia] | *[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/91 Feedipedia] | ||
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014832 Flora of China] | |||
*[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/j/jambul05.html Grieve's herbal] | *[http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/j/jambul05.html Grieve's herbal] | ||
*[ | *[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=36128 GRIN] | ||
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Syzygium%20cumini&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Syzygium%20cumini&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46: | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:15577835820313::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Syzygium%20cuminii,12355 Mansfeld] | ||
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Syzygium.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Syzygium.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | ||
*[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html NewCrop Purdue] | *[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jambolan.html NewCrop Purdue] | ||
Ligne 164 : | Ligne 183 : | ||
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Syzygium%20cumini Plants for a future] | *[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Syzygium%20cumini Plants for a future] | ||
*[[:en:Syzygium cumini (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | *[[:en:Syzygium cumini (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | ||
*[ | *[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/447410/tab/taxo TAXREF] | ||
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Syzygium%20cumini Useful Tropical Plants Database] | *[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Syzygium%20cumini Useful Tropical Plants Database] | ||
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium%20cumini Wikipédia] | *[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium%20cumini Wikipédia] |
Dernière version du 27 septembre 2020 à 18:53
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Ordre | Myrtales |
---|---|
Famille | Myrtaceae |
Genre | Syzygium |
2n = 22, 42, 44, 66 ?
Origine : nord de l'Inde, Indochine, sud de la Chine
sauvage ou cultivé
Français | jamelongue*Voir l'étymologie de [[Etymologie des noms scientifiques#|]] |
---|---|
Anglais | jambolan |
- fruit comestible
- fruit transformé en vin et vinaigre
- médicinal : fruit, graines, feuilles, écorce
- bois d'œuvre
- bois de feu
- arbre d'ombrage et brise-vent
- ornemental
- feuilles fourragères
- mellifère
- tanin : écorce
Description
-
arbres
-
écorce
-
feuilles
-
jeunes fruits
-
fruits mûrs (appréciés par les fourmis)
-
fruits en vente
Noms populaires
français | jamelongue, jamblon ; jamblongue (La Réunion) ; tété-négresse (Antilles) |
anglais | jambolan, Java plum ; Jack Plum ; Damson tree (Jamaïque) (Rollet) |
allemand | Rosenapfel |
néerlandais | jambolan |
italien | jambolan |
espagnol | yambolana, jambolán, guayabo pesgua |
portugais | jambolão, azeitona |
chinois | 乌墨 - wu mo (Flora of China) |
sanscrit | जम्बु - jambu, जम्बू - jambū, जम्बुलः - jambulā (Monier-Williams) |
hindi | jāmun ; jaman, jam (Wealth of India) |
bengali | jam, kalajam (Wealth of India) |
marathi | jamal, jambul (Wealth of India) |
gujerati | jambu, jamli (Wealth of India) |
konkani | zāmbal (arbre), zāmbūl, pl. zāmbuḷām (fruit) (Dalgado) |
telugu | neereedu (Wealth of India) |
tamoul | neredam, naval, sambal (Wealth of India) |
kannada | nerale (Wealth of India) ; ನೇರಳೆಹಣ್ - nerale hannu (Wikipedia en) |
malayalam | naval, perinnaral (Wealth of India) |
oriya | jamo (Wealth of India) |
Nepal | kalajam (Wealth of India) |
Punjab | jammu (Wealth of India) |
Mundari | dinkikudadaru (Wealth of India) |
Lepcha | phoberkung (Wealth of India) |
Andamans | thabye, jamun (Wealth of India) |
Philippines | duhat (tagalog, bisaya), lomboi (ilokano) (PROSEA) |
Indonésie | jamblang, duwet (Java) (PROSEA) |
Malaysia | jambulana, jambulan (PROSEA) |
Thaïlande | wa (centre), hakhiphae (Chiang Rai) (PROSEA) |
Vietnam | vôi rung, trâm môc (PROSEA) |
Laos | va (PROSEA) |
Cambodge | pring bai (PROSEA) |
Birmanie | thabyay-hpyoo (PROSEA) |
Classification
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (1912)
basionyme :
- Myrtus cumini L. (1753)
synonyme :
- Eugenia jambolana Lam. (1789)
- Calyptranthes jambolana (Lam.) Willd. (1796)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
perin-njara vol. 5 pl. 29 Rheede 1685, Hortus Malabaricus
-
Berthe Hoola van Nooten, XIXe, Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java
-
Blanco, 1880-1883, Flora de Filipinas
Cette espèce est le véritable jambu des textes sanscrits, qui appellent l'Inde जम्बुद्वीप - jambudvīpa, le "pays des jambu", d'où coule une rivière de jus de jambu (Wujastyk, 2004).
Usages
In S Asia a very ancient fruit crop, venerated by Buddhists and considered to be sacred to Krishna and planted near Hinduistic temples. Nowadays cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions in Asia (from India to S China, the Philippines and Indonesia), Africa (Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, Algeria), America (from California, Florida and the Antilles to Venezuela, Suriname and Brazil), Australia and Oceania; to Israel introduced about 1940. The fruits have a sweet or subacid flavour and are eaten raw or serve to produce tarts, jams and sauces. Jambolan juice is also excellent for making various beverages (e.g. vines and vinegar) and preserves vinegars. Fruits, seeds, leaves and bark of the tree are used in the folk medicine. The tree is also important for apiculture. Jambolan honey is of fine quality. The bark contains tannin. It is used for tanning leather and preserving fishing nets. The red or brownish-gray wood is used in India for various construction purposes.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 495)
- Morton, Julia, 1987. Jambolan. p. 375–378. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami (Floride). sur NewCrop Purdue
- Orta, Garcia d', 1563. Coloquios dos simples, e drogas he cousas mediçinais da India. Goa, Ioannes de Endem. 250 p. Edité et annoté par Conde de Ficalho en 1891-92. Colloque 28 sur Pl@ntUse
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.
- Wujastyk, Dominik, 2004. Jambudvīpa: Apples or Plums? in : Burnett, Charles et al., Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in honour of David Pingree, p. 287-301. Academia