« Nephelium lappaceum » : différence entre les versions
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{{Page espèce (plante à graines) | {{Page espèce (plante à graines) | ||
|image = | |image = Rambutan masak didahan.JPG | ||
|légende = | |légende = | ||
|auteur = | |auteur = L. | ||
|ordre = | |ordre = Sapindales | ||
|famille = | |famille = Sapindaceae | ||
|genre = | |genre = Nephelium | ||
|nb chromosomes = 2n = | |nb chromosomes = 2n = 22 | ||
|origine = | |origine = Asie du Sud-Est | ||
|statut = sauvage et cultivé | |statut = sauvage et cultivé | ||
|français = '''ramboutan''' | |||
|anglais = '''rambutan''' | |||
}}{{Encadré | |||
|color=lightgreen | |||
|titre=Résumé des usages | |||
|texte=*arille du fruit comestible | |||
*graines grillées comestible | |||
*graines : huile alimentaire | |||
*médicinal : fruit, feuilles, écorce, racine | |||
*jeunes pousses et épiderme du fruit : teinture de la soie | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Nephelium lappaceum.jpg|arbre | |||
File:Nephelium lappaceum 11zz.jpg|tronc | |||
File:Buds on branch of rambutan tree.JPG|inflorescence | |||
File:Rambutan - റംബൂട്ടാൻ 02.JPG|branches en fruits verts | |||
File:Rambutan Fruit.jpg|fruits | |||
File:Exotic Fruit-Rambutans005.JPG|fruit ouvert | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Noms populaires == | == Noms populaires == | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | |||
| français | |||
| ramboutan, litchi chevelu | |||
|- | |||
| anglais | |||
| rambutan | |||
|- | |||
| allemand | |||
| Rambutan | |||
|- | |||
| néerlandais | |||
| ramboetan | |||
|- | |||
| italien | |||
| rambutan | |||
|- | |||
| espagnol | |||
| rambután | |||
|- | |||
| portugais | |||
| rambutão | |||
|- | |||
| chinois | |||
| 红毛丹 - hong mao dan (Flora of China) | |||
|- | |||
| Philippines | |||
| rambutan, usan (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Indonésie | |||
| rambutan (général), chorogol (sundanais), kakapas (Sumatra) (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Malaysia | |||
| rambutan (général), buah abong (Kenyah, Sarawak), rangalau (Dusan Ranau, Sabah) (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Thaïlande | |||
| ngoh, phruan, ngoh paa (péninsule) (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Vietnam | |||
| chôm chôm, vai thiêù (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Cambodge | |||
| saaw maaw, ser mon (PROSEA) | |||
|} | |||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
''Nephelium lappaceum'' L. (1767) ( "''lappacea''") | |||
== Cultivars == | == Cultivars == | ||
== Histoire == | == Histoire == | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Berthe Hoola van Nooten46.jpg|Hoola van Nooten, 1863-1864, ''Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java'' | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Usages == | == Usages == | ||
{{Citation encadré | |||
|texte=Grown in SE Asia for a long time. More rarely cultivated in India, Zanzibar, and in the lowlands of Central and northern South America. The fruit has a sweet, juicy, translucent, very tasty arillus and is eaten fresh or used in jams, jellies, or is canned. The seeds are reputedly poisonous when raw. After roasting they yield an edible oil and are eaten. The testa and fruit rind are said to contain tannin and a toxic saponin. The fruit (sometimes also the leaves, the bark, and the root) are employed in local medicine. Young shoots and the fruit rind are used for dyeing silk. Var. lappaceum is the commoly cultivated form and was probably domesticated in the Malayan Penisula. Var. xanthioides (Radlk.) Leenh. (in Blumea 31 (1986) 403) is only distributed in Borneo where it is locally grown as a fruit tree. | |||
|auteur=Mansfeld. | |||
}} | |||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 680) | |||
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Nephelium lappaceum (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]]. | |||
== Liens == | == Liens == | ||
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Nephelium%20lappaceum&SearchCat= BHL] | *[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Nephelium%20lappaceum&SearchCat= BHL] | ||
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | *[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | ||
*[http://www. | *[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013210 Flora of China] | ||
*[ | *[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=25188 GRIN] | ||
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Nephelium%20lappaceum&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Nephelium%20lappaceum&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/ | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:4030930727449::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Nephelium%20lappaceum,6931 Mansfeld] | ||
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Nephelium.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Nephelium.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | ||
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Nephelium_lappaceum_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | *[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Nephelium_lappaceum_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | ||
Ligne 42 : | Ligne 107 : | ||
*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nephelium%20lappaceum Plants for a future] | *[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nephelium%20lappaceum Plants for a future] | ||
*[[:en:Nephelium lappaceum (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | *[[:en:Nephelium lappaceum (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | ||
*[ | *[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/447596/tab/taxo TAXREF] | ||
*[ | *[https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtxa-nn-7061 Tela Botanica] | ||
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nephelium%20lappaceum Useful Tropical Plants Database] | *[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nephelium%20lappaceum Useful Tropical Plants Database] | ||
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelium%20lappaceum Wikipédia] | *[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelium%20lappaceum Wikipédia] | ||
[[Category:Nephelium]] |
Dernière version du 2 octobre 2020 à 19:59
Nephelium lappaceum L.
Ordre | Sapindales |
---|---|
Famille | Sapindaceae |
Genre | Nephelium |
2n = 22
Origine : Asie du Sud-Est
sauvage et cultivé
Français | ramboutan |
---|---|
Anglais | rambutan |
- arille du fruit comestible
- graines grillées comestible
- graines : huile alimentaire
- médicinal : fruit, feuilles, écorce, racine
- jeunes pousses et épiderme du fruit : teinture de la soie
Description
-
arbre
-
tronc
-
inflorescence
-
branches en fruits verts
-
fruits
-
fruit ouvert
Noms populaires
français | ramboutan, litchi chevelu |
anglais | rambutan |
allemand | Rambutan |
néerlandais | ramboetan |
italien | rambutan |
espagnol | rambután |
portugais | rambutão |
chinois | 红毛丹 - hong mao dan (Flora of China) |
Philippines | rambutan, usan (PROSEA) |
Indonésie | rambutan (général), chorogol (sundanais), kakapas (Sumatra) (PROSEA) |
Malaysia | rambutan (général), buah abong (Kenyah, Sarawak), rangalau (Dusan Ranau, Sabah) (PROSEA) |
Thaïlande | ngoh, phruan, ngoh paa (péninsule) (PROSEA) |
Vietnam | chôm chôm, vai thiêù (PROSEA) |
Cambodge | saaw maaw, ser mon (PROSEA) |
Classification
Nephelium lappaceum L. (1767) ( "lappacea")
Cultivars
Histoire
-
Hoola van Nooten, 1863-1864, Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java
Usages
Grown in SE Asia for a long time. More rarely cultivated in India, Zanzibar, and in the lowlands of Central and northern South America. The fruit has a sweet, juicy, translucent, very tasty arillus and is eaten fresh or used in jams, jellies, or is canned. The seeds are reputedly poisonous when raw. After roasting they yield an edible oil and are eaten. The testa and fruit rind are said to contain tannin and a toxic saponin. The fruit (sometimes also the leaves, the bark, and the root) are employed in local medicine. Young shoots and the fruit rind are used for dyeing silk. Var. lappaceum is the commoly cultivated form and was probably domesticated in the Malayan Penisula. Var. xanthioides (Radlk.) Leenh. (in Blumea 31 (1986) 403) is only distributed in Borneo where it is locally grown as a fruit tree.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 680)
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.