« Litchi chinensis » : différence entre les versions
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{{Page espèce (plante à graines) | {{Page espèce (plante à graines) | ||
|image = | |image = Litchi chinensis fruits.JPG | ||
|légende = | |légende = | ||
|auteur = | |auteur = Sonn. | ||
|ordre = Sapindales | |ordre = Sapindales | ||
|famille = Sapindaceae | |famille = Sapindaceae | ||
|genre = Litchi | |genre = Litchi | ||
|nb chromosomes = 2n = | |nb chromosomes = 2n = 28, 30 ou 32 | ||
|origine = | |origine = sud de la Chine,<br>nord du Vietnam et de la Malaisie | ||
|statut = sauvage ou cultivé | |statut = sauvage ou cultivé | ||
|français = '''''' | |français = '''litchi''' | ||
|anglais = '''''' | |anglais = '''litchi''' | ||
}}{{Encadré | |||
|color=lightgreen | |||
|titre=Résumé des usages | |||
|texte=*arille du fruit comestible | |||
*bois d'œuvre | |||
*arbre d'ombrage | |||
*médicinal : graines, fleurs, épiderme du fruit, écorce, racine | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Starr 050516-1405 Litchi chinensis subsp. chinensis.jpg|arbre | |||
File:Litchi sinensis trunk.JPG|troncs | |||
File:Litchi chinensis leaf.png|feuille pennée | |||
File:Lychee (Litchi chinensis) at Samsing, Duars, West Bengal W2 IMG 6504.jpg|fleurs | |||
File:Letchi-Réunion-1.JPG|fruits verts | |||
File:Litchi chinensis on white background.jpg|fruits | |||
File:Litchi chinensis f002.jpg|fruits décortiqués | |||
File:Litschikerne.jpg|noyaux | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Noms populaires == | == Noms populaires == | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | ||
| français | |||
| litchi | |||
|- | |||
| anglais | |||
| litchi, lychee | |||
|- | |||
| allemand | |||
| Litchipflaume | |||
|- | |||
| néerlandais | |||
| litchi | |||
|- | |||
| italien | |||
| lici | |||
|- | |||
| espagnol | |||
| lichi, litchi, ojo de dragón | |||
|- | |||
| portugais | |||
| lichia | |||
|- | |||
| chinois | |||
| 荔枝 - lì zhī (Flora of China) ; li-kuo | |||
|- | |||
| Philippines | |||
| letsias (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Indonésie | |||
| litsi (indonéesien), klèngkeng (javanais), kalèngkeng (madurais) (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Malaysia | |||
| laici, kelengkang (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Thaïlande | |||
| linchee, litchi, see raaman (Chantaburi) (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Vietnam | |||
| vai, cây vai, tu hú (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Laos | |||
| ngèèw (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Cambodge | |||
| kuléén (PROSEA) | |||
|- | |||
| Birmanie | |||
| kyet-mouk, lin chi, lam yai (PROSEA) | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
''Litchi chinensis'' Sonn. (1782) | |||
synonymes : | |||
*''Dimocarpus litchi'' Lour. (1790) | |||
*''Nephelium litchi'' Cambess. (1829) | |||
== Cultivars == | == Cultivars == | ||
== Histoire == | == Histoire == | ||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Flora Sinensis - Lychee.JPG|Michał Boym, 1656. [[Boym, Michał|''Flora Sinensis'']] | |||
File:Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles (Pl. 332) (7795699394).jpg|Descourtilz, 1827. ''Flore médicale des Antilles'' | |||
</gallery> | |||
*Boym, Michał, 1696. ''Flora Sinensis''. Paris, 15 p. Seconde édition en français. Voir [[Flora Sinensis, 1696#Li-ci|Li-ci]] sur Pl@ntUse. | |||
== Usages == | == Usages == | ||
{{Citation encadré | |||
|texte=In subtropical and tropical monsoon areas of SE Asia much cultivated for the fruits which have a fleshy, juicy, sweet-subacid, distinctly flavoured aril. They are eaten fresh, dried or canned, used in jams, sauces, salads, ice-cream or drinks. The juice can be used to flavour tea. More rarely grown as fruit tree in Africa, Australia and Central America, and also as shade tree. The smooth fruits of lowland-grown "water lychee" are commonly preferred to the rather prickly fruits of "mountain lychee" grown in the hills. The seeds are not edible. They are powdered and used for medicinal purposes because of some analgetic effect and adstringency. Decoctions of the root, bark and flowers are gargled to alleviate ailments of the throat. Native to southern China and known under cultivation for approximately 2.000 years (monographed as early as in 1059 AD). The crop reached India as well as West India in the 18th cent. spreading afterwards into nearly all tropical regions. The tree needs temperatures below 14°C for flower bud differentiation and does not tolerate temperatures below 0°C. | |||
|auteur=Mansfeld. | |||
}} | |||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
*Chauvet, Michel, 2018. ''[[Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires]]''. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 678) | |||
*Elevitch, Craig (ed.), 2011. ''Specialty Crops for Pacific Islands: horticulture, value-added processing, and marketing''. Holualoa, Hawai'i, Permanent Agriculture Resources. 576 p., 940 photos. [https://agroforestry.org/books/specialty-crops-for-pacific-islands Agroforestry] [https://agroforestry.org/images/pdfs/Lychee_specialty_crop.pdf télécharger le pdf] | |||
*Menzel, Christopher, 2002. ''The Lychee Crop in Asia and the Pacific''. FAO, Bangkok. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC681E/ac681e00.htm#Contents en ligne à la FAO] | |||
*Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. ''Arbres des Petites Antilles''. Tome 1 : ''Introduction à la dendrologie''. 276 p. Tome 2 : ''Description des espèces''. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir [[Litchi chinensis (Rollet, Antilles)|sur Pl@ntUse]]. | |||
== Liens == | == Liens == | ||
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Litchi%20chinensis&SearchCat= BHL] | *[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Litchi%20chinensis&SearchCat= BHL] | ||
*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | *[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop] | ||
*[http://www. | *[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013205 Flora of China] | ||
*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=22399 GRIN] | |||
*[ | |||
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Litchi%20chinensis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Litchi%20chinensis&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/ | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:4030930727449::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Litchi%20chinensis,6914 Mansfeld] | ||
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Litchi.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Litchi.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | ||
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Litchi_chinensis_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | *[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Litchi_chinensis_nex.html NewCrop Purdue] | ||
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*[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Litchi%20chinensis Plants for a future] | *[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Litchi%20chinensis Plants for a future] | ||
*[[:en:Litchi chinensis (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | *[[:en:Litchi chinensis (PROSEA)|PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse]] | ||
*[ | *[https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/447593/tab/taxo TAXREF] | ||
*[https://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtxa-nn-6047-synthese Tela Botanica] | |||
*[ | |||
*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Litchi%20chinensis Useful Tropical Plants Database] | *[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Litchi%20chinensis Useful Tropical Plants Database] | ||
*[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litchi%20chinensis Wikipédia] | *[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litchi%20chinensis Wikipédia] | ||
[[Category:Litchi]] | [[Category:Litchi]] |
Dernière version du 3 juin 2021 à 09:09
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Ordre | Sapindales |
---|---|
Famille | Sapindaceae |
Genre | Litchi |
2n = 28, 30 ou 32
Origine : sud de la Chine,
nord du Vietnam et de la Malaisie
sauvage ou cultivé
Français | litchi |
---|---|
Anglais | litchi |
- arille du fruit comestible
- bois d'œuvre
- arbre d'ombrage
- médicinal : graines, fleurs, épiderme du fruit, écorce, racine
Description
-
arbre
-
troncs
-
feuille pennée
-
fleurs
-
fruits verts
-
fruits
-
fruits décortiqués
-
noyaux
Noms populaires
français | litchi |
anglais | litchi, lychee |
allemand | Litchipflaume |
néerlandais | litchi |
italien | lici |
espagnol | lichi, litchi, ojo de dragón |
portugais | lichia |
chinois | 荔枝 - lì zhī (Flora of China) ; li-kuo |
Philippines | letsias (PROSEA) |
Indonésie | litsi (indonéesien), klèngkeng (javanais), kalèngkeng (madurais) (PROSEA) |
Malaysia | laici, kelengkang (PROSEA) |
Thaïlande | linchee, litchi, see raaman (Chantaburi) (PROSEA) |
Vietnam | vai, cây vai, tu hú (PROSEA) |
Laos | ngèèw (PROSEA) |
Cambodge | kuléén (PROSEA) |
Birmanie | kyet-mouk, lin chi, lam yai (PROSEA) |
Classification
Litchi chinensis Sonn. (1782)
synonymes :
- Dimocarpus litchi Lour. (1790)
- Nephelium litchi Cambess. (1829)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
Michał Boym, 1656. Flora Sinensis
-
Descourtilz, 1827. Flore médicale des Antilles
- Boym, Michał, 1696. Flora Sinensis. Paris, 15 p. Seconde édition en français. Voir Li-ci sur Pl@ntUse.
Usages
In subtropical and tropical monsoon areas of SE Asia much cultivated for the fruits which have a fleshy, juicy, sweet-subacid, distinctly flavoured aril. They are eaten fresh, dried or canned, used in jams, sauces, salads, ice-cream or drinks. The juice can be used to flavour tea. More rarely grown as fruit tree in Africa, Australia and Central America, and also as shade tree. The smooth fruits of lowland-grown "water lychee" are commonly preferred to the rather prickly fruits of "mountain lychee" grown in the hills. The seeds are not edible. They are powdered and used for medicinal purposes because of some analgetic effect and adstringency. Decoctions of the root, bark and flowers are gargled to alleviate ailments of the throat. Native to southern China and known under cultivation for approximately 2.000 years (monographed as early as in 1059 AD). The crop reached India as well as West India in the 18th cent. spreading afterwards into nearly all tropical regions. The tree needs temperatures below 14°C for flower bud differentiation and does not tolerate temperatures below 0°C.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 678)
- Elevitch, Craig (ed.), 2011. Specialty Crops for Pacific Islands: horticulture, value-added processing, and marketing. Holualoa, Hawai'i, Permanent Agriculture Resources. 576 p., 940 photos. Agroforestry télécharger le pdf
- Menzel, Christopher, 2002. The Lychee Crop in Asia and the Pacific. FAO, Bangkok. en ligne à la FAO
- Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.