« Carthamus tinctorius » : différence entre les versions
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Le faux-safran est souvent vendu frauduleusement aux touristes comme du vrai safran (''[[Crocus sativus]]''). Les fleurons desséchés sont pourtant bien plus gros que les stigmates de safran. | |||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
Version du 26 février 2021 à 20:46
Carthamus tinctorius L.
| Ordre | Asterales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Asteraceae |
| Genre | Carthamus |
2n = 24
Origine : inconnu à l'état sauvage
cultivé
| Français | carthame |
|---|---|
| Anglais | safflower |
- pétales : colorant textile et alimentaire
- graines : oléagineux
- ornemental
- graines comestibles grillées
- pousses : légume
Description
-
champ -
Carthamus tinctorius en Ouzbekistan -
plante -
capitule en fleurs -
capitules desséchés (Museum de Toulouse)
Noms populaires
| français | carthame, safran bâtard |
| anglais | safflower |
| allemand | Saflor, Färberdistel, falscher Safran |
| néerlandais | saffloer |
| italien | cartamo, zafferano bastardo |
| espagnol | cártamo, alazor |
| portugais | açafroa, açafrão bastardo |
| arabe | qurṭum, gurḍum, ‘uṣfur, ‘aṣfar, murrīq, īḥriḍ |
| amharique | suf |
| hindi | kusum |
| marathi | kararhi, kardi |
- Voir les noms de la Flore populaire d'Eugène Rolland
Classification
Carthamus tinctorius L. (1753)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
knêkos folio 198v, Dioscoride, Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. I -
Leonhart Fuchs, 1543, Kräuterbuch -
-
Sturm, 1796. Deutschlands Flora -
Thomé, 1885, Flora von Deutschland
Usages
Cultivated in India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Near East, Asia Minor, CIS countries (Middle Asia, W Siberia, Caucasus), N Africa, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, E Africa, South Africa, the Mediterranean, France, Australia and America (Canada, California, Mexico, South America). In France, Germany, SE Europe and England its cultivation has almost disappeared. The most important sources are now Mexico, USA, India, Australia and Ethiopia. The species is of increasing significance in the drier areas of the tropics and subtropics (e.g. the Mediterranean, Iraq, Sudan, Zimbabwe). Long used as a dye and oil plant (already in use in ancient Egypt, known also in Babylon, Syria and Palestine). The seed oil serves as an edible and lamp oil and as a medium for paints and colours. After 1948, as a result of the development of new cultivars, C. tinctorius became an oil plant of economic importance on a world scale. The quality of the oil of the new cultivars equals that of olive oil, the oil content of the fruits can be up to 48%. The oil is also a source of waxes used in water purification. The flowers yield carthamin, a water-insoluble, light-sensitive red dye, as well as a water-soluble yellow dye. Formerly officinal (Flores Carthami). The dye was formerly used to colour foodstuffs and textiles; in the Mediterranean and India, its use as a food colourant continues. The flowers are also used medicinally. Also used as a silage plant (especially non-spiny cultivars). The young shoots are occasionally eaten as a vegetable, and the seeds are eaten roasted. Probably derived from C. persicus Willd. and C. palaestinus Eig.
Le faux-safran est souvent vendu frauduleusement aux touristes comme du vrai safran (Crocus sativus). Les fleurons desséchés sont pourtant bien plus gros que les stigmates de safran.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 127)
- Gintzburger et al., 2003. Rangelands of the arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan.