« Carthamus tinctorius » : différence entre les versions
Aucun résumé des modifications |
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|genre = Carthamus | |genre = Carthamus | ||
|nb chromosomes = 2n = 24 | |nb chromosomes = 2n = 24 | ||
|origine = | |origine = inconnu à l'état sauvage | ||
|statut = | |statut = cultivé | ||
|français = '''carthame''' | |français = '''carthame''' | ||
|anglais = '''safflower''' | |anglais = '''safflower''' | ||
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*oléagineux (graines) | *oléagineux (graines) | ||
*ornemental | *ornemental | ||
*graines comestibles grillées | |||
*pousses : légume | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
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*Voir les [[Carthame (Cazin 1868)|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]] | *Voir les [[Carthame (Cazin 1868)|''Plantes médicinales'' de Cazin (1868)]] | ||
*Voir [[Composées (Le Floc'h, 1983)#Carthamus tinctorius|Le Floc'h, 1983, ''Ethnobotanique tunisienne'', 266]]. | *Voir [[Composées (Le Floc'h, 1983)#Carthamus tinctorius|Le Floc'h, 1983, ''Ethnobotanique tunisienne'', 266]]. | ||
{{Citation encadré | |||
|texte= Cultivated in India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Near East, Asia Minor, CIS countries (Middle Asia, W Siberia, Caucasus), N Africa, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, E Africa, South Africa, the Mediterranean, France, Australia and America (Canada, California, Mexico, South America). In France, Germany, SE Europe and England its cultivation has almost disappeared. The most important sources are now Mexico, USA, India, Australia and Ethiopia. The species is of increasing significance in the drier areas of the tropics and subtropics (e.g. the Mediterranean, Iraq, Sudan, Zimbabwe). Long used as a dye and oil plant (already in use in ancient Egypt, known also in Babylon, Syria and Palestine). The seed oil serves as an edible and lamp oil and as a medium for paints and colours. After 1948, as a result of the development of new cultivars, ''C. tinctorius'' became an oil plant of economic importance on a world scale. The quality of the oil of the new cultivars equals that of olive oil, the oil content of the fruits can be up to 48%. The oil is also a source of waxes used in water purification. The flowers yield carthamin, a water-insoluble, light-sensitive red dye, as well as a water-soluble yellow dye. Formerly officinal (Flores Carthami). The dye was formerly used to colour foodstuffs and textiles; in the Mediterranean and India, its use as a food colourant continues. The flowers are also used medicinally. Also used as a silage plant (especially non-spiny cultivars). The young shoots are occasionally eaten as a vegetable, and the seeds are eaten roasted. Probably derived from ''C. persicus'' Willd. and ''C. palaestinus'' Eig. | |||
|auteur =Mansfeld. | |||
}} | |||
== Références == | == Références == | ||
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*[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=9243 GRIN] | *[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=9243 GRIN] | ||
*[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Carthamus%20tinctorius&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Carthamus%20tinctorius&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI] | ||
*[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/ | *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:46:11685720010672::NO::module,mf_use,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,,botnam,0,,Carthamus%20tinctorius,31838 Mansfeld] | ||
*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Carthamus%20tinctorius Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany] | *[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Carthamus%20tinctorius Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany] | ||
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Carthamus.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Carthamus.html Multilingual Plant Name Database] | ||
Version du 26 février 2021 à 20:09
Carthamus tinctorius L.
| Ordre | Asterales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Asteraceae |
| Genre | Carthamus |
2n = 24
Origine : inconnu à l'état sauvage
cultivé
| Français | carthame |
|---|---|
| Anglais | safflower |
- colorant (pétales)
- oléagineux (graines)
- ornemental
- graines comestibles grillées
- pousses : légume
Description
-
Carthamus tinctorius en Ouzbekistan
Noms populaires
| français | carthame, safran bâtard |
| anglais | safflower |
| allemand | Saflor, Färberdistel, falscher Safran |
| néerlandais | saffloer |
| italien | cartamo, zafferano bastardo |
| espagnol | cártamo, alazor |
| portugais | açafroa, açafrão bastardo |
| arabe | qurṭum, gurḍum, ‘uṣfur, ‘aṣfar, murrīq, īḥriḍ |
| amharique | suf |
| hindi | kusum |
| marathi | kararhi, kardi |
- Voir les noms de la Flore populaire d'Eugène Rolland
Classification
Carthamus tinctorius L. (1753)
Cultivars
Histoire
Usages
Cultivated in India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Near East, Asia Minor, CIS countries (Middle Asia, W Siberia, Caucasus), N Africa, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, E Africa, South Africa, the Mediterranean, France, Australia and America (Canada, California, Mexico, South America). In France, Germany, SE Europe and England its cultivation has almost disappeared. The most important sources are now Mexico, USA, India, Australia and Ethiopia. The species is of increasing significance in the drier areas of the tropics and subtropics (e.g. the Mediterranean, Iraq, Sudan, Zimbabwe). Long used as a dye and oil plant (already in use in ancient Egypt, known also in Babylon, Syria and Palestine). The seed oil serves as an edible and lamp oil and as a medium for paints and colours. After 1948, as a result of the development of new cultivars, C. tinctorius became an oil plant of economic importance on a world scale. The quality of the oil of the new cultivars equals that of olive oil, the oil content of the fruits can be up to 48%. The oil is also a source of waxes used in water purification. The flowers yield carthamin, a water-insoluble, light-sensitive red dye, as well as a water-soluble yellow dye. Formerly officinal (Flores Carthami). The dye was formerly used to colour foodstuffs and textiles; in the Mediterranean and India, its use as a food colourant continues. The flowers are also used medicinally. Also used as a silage plant (especially non-spiny cultivars). The young shoots are occasionally eaten as a vegetable, and the seeds are eaten roasted. Probably derived from C. persicus Willd. and C. palaestinus Eig.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 127)
- Gintzburger et al., 2003. Rangelands of the arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan.