Carthamus tinctorius

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Ordre	Asterales
Famille	Asteraceae
Genre	Carthamus

2n = 24

Origine : inconnu à l'état sauvage

cultivé

Français	carthame
Anglais	safflower

Résumé des usages

• colorant (pétales)
• oléagineux (graines)
• ornemental
• graines comestibles grillées
• pousses : légume

Description

• 
  champ
• 
  Carthamus tinctorius en Ouzbekistan
• 
  plante
• 
  capitule en fleurs
• 
  capitules desséchés (Museum de Toulouse)

Noms populaires

français	carthame, safran bâtard
anglais	safflower
allemand	Saflor, Färberdistel, falscher Safran
néerlandais	saffloer
italien	cartamo, zafferano bastardo
espagnol	cártamo, alazor
portugais	açafroa, açafrão bastardo
arabe	qurṭum, gurḍum, ‘uṣfur, ‘aṣfar, murrīq, īḥriḍ
amharique	suf
hindi	kusum
marathi	kararhi, kardi

• Voir les noms de la Flore populaire d'Eugène Rolland

Classification

Carthamus tinctorius L. (1753)

Histoire

• 
  knêkos folio 198v, Dioscoride, Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. I
• 
  Leonhart Fuchs, 1543, Kräuterbuch
• 
• 
  Sturm, 1796. Deutschlands Flora
• 
  Thomé, 1885, Flora von Deutschland

Usages

• 

• Voir les Plantes médicinales de Cazin (1868)
• Voir Le Floc'h, 1983, Ethnobotanique tunisienne, 266.

Cultivated in India, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Near East, Asia Minor, CIS countries (Middle Asia, W Siberia, Caucasus), N Africa, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, E Africa, South Africa, the Mediterranean, France, Australia and America (Canada, California, Mexico, South America). In France, Germany, SE Europe and England its cultivation has almost disappeared. The most important sources are now Mexico, USA, India, Australia and Ethiopia. The species is of increasing significance in the drier areas of the tropics and subtropics (e.g. the Mediterranean, Iraq, Sudan, Zimbabwe). Long used as a dye and oil plant (already in use in ancient Egypt, known also in Babylon, Syria and Palestine). The seed oil serves as an edible and lamp oil and as a medium for paints and colours. After 1948, as a result of the development of new cultivars, C. tinctorius became an oil plant of economic importance on a world scale. The quality of the oil of the new cultivars equals that of olive oil, the oil content of the fruits can be up to 48%. The oil is also a source of waxes used in water purification. The flowers yield carthamin, a water-insoluble, light-sensitive red dye, as well as a water-soluble yellow dye. Formerly officinal (Flores Carthami). The dye was formerly used to colour foodstuffs and textiles; in the Mediterranean and India, its use as a food colourant continues. The flowers are also used medicinally. Also used as a silage plant (especially non-spiny cultivars). The young shoots are occasionally eaten as a vegetable, and the seeds are eaten roasted. Probably derived from C. persicus Willd. and C. palaestinus Eig.

Mansfeld.

Références

• Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 127)
• Gintzburger et al., 2003. Rangelands of the arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan.

Liens

• BHL
• FAO Ecocrop
• Feedipedia
• Grieve's herbal
• GRIN
• IPNI
• Mansfeld
• Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany
• Multilingual Plant Name Database
• NewCrop Purdue
• Plant List
• Plants for a future
• PROTA sur Pl@ntUse
• TAXREF
• Tela Botanica
• Useful Tropical Plants Database
• Wikipédia
• Wikiphyto