Artocarpus integer
Artocarpus integer
(Thunb.) Merr.
| Ordre | Rosales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Moraceae |
| Genre | Artocarpus |
2n = 4x = 56
Origine : Asie du Sud-Est
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | chempedak |
|---|---|
| Anglais | chempedak |
- fruit mûr comestible
- graines consommées rôties ou bouillies
- jeunes fruits et jeunes feuilles consommées comme légume
- bois d'œuvre
- écorce : cordes
- latex : glu
Description
-
1, branche en fleurs ; 2, branche avec fruit (syncarpe) (PROSEA)
-
arbre -
tronc portant des fruits -
feuilles -
fruit -
fruit -
fruit coupé en deux -
fruit ouvert
- Arbre monoïque sempervirent, atteignant 20 m de haut, rarement à contreforts. Ecorce gris-brun, tronc avec des protubérences à l'endroit où les fruits apparaissent. Ramilles, stipules et feuilles avec des poils bruns de 3 mm de long ; ramilles épaisses de 2,5-4 mm, avec des cicatrices annulaires stipulaires. Stipules ovales, de 9 cm de long.
- Feuilles obovales à elliptiques, de 5-25 cm × 2.5-12 cm, base en coin à arroundie, bord entier, apex acuminé ; 6-10 paires de nervures latérales, courbées vers l'avant; pétiole de 1-3 cm long.
- Inflorescences solitaires, axillaires, cauliflorous or ramiflorous on short leafy shoots; male heads cylindrical, 3-5.5 cm × 1 cm, whitish-yellow, peduncle 3-6 cm long; female heads with simple filiform styles, exserted to 1.5 mm.
- Fruit a syncarp, cylindrical to almost globose, 20-35 cm × 10-15 cm, yellowish to brownish to orange-green, smelling strongly at maturity, smooth or covered by closely set, firm, obtuse prickles or processes of 2-4 mm length; peduncle 5-9 cm long, wall ca. 1 cm thick; fruiting perianths numerous, soft, fleshy, becoming detached from wall and core.
- Pericarps (including the seeds) ellipsoid to oblong, ca. 3 cm × 2 cm, cotyledons unequal, thick and fleshy. (PROSEA)
Noms populaires
| français | chempedak |
| anglais | chempedak |
| néerlandais | tjampedak |
| portugais | champada |
| hindi | कटौल - katol, लेमसा - lemasa (Mansfeld) |
| Indonésie | chempedak, campedak (malais), baroh (lingga) (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | chempedak (cultivé), bankong (sauvage), baroh (Johor) (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | champada (PROSEA) |
| Birmanie | sonekadat (PROSEA) |
Classification
Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. (1917)
synonymes :
- Radermachia integra Thunb. (1776)
- Artocarpus integrifolia L.f. (1781) non Trimen (1898)
- Artocarpus champeden (Lour.) Stokes (1812)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
Berthe Hoola van Nooten, XIXe, Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages Choisis de l'Ile de Java
Usages
Wild distribution: From Myanmar to Vietnam and from Peninsular Malaysia to N Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Moluccas, W Iran). Cultivated in this area and also in India, Sri Lanka and Java. 1782 imported in Jamaica. The fleshy fruits are eaten fresh or cooked. The typically yellow or orange, sometimes white or pink pulp is soft and mushy with a strong and characteristic odour, resembling durian and mango. Young fruits are cooked in coconut milk and eaten as a curried vegetable or in soup. The seeds are eaten roasted or boiled in salty water. Also young leaves serve as vegetable. The bark is used to make rope and the latex for the preparation of birdlime. The durable wood is used for construction, furniture and boats.
Références
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 465)
- Primack, R. B., 1985. Comparative studies of fruits in wild and cultivated trees of chempedak (Artocarpus integer) and terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus) in Sarawak, E Malaysia with additional information on the reproductive biology of the Moraceae. Malayan Nature Journal (Malaysia), 39 :1-39.