Smilax leucophylla (PROSEA)

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Plant Resources of South-East Asia
Introduction
List of species


Smilax leucophylla Blume

Protologue: Enum. pl. Javae 1: 18 (1827).
Family: Smilacaceae

Synonyms

  • Smilax glycyphylla Hassk.,
  • S. vicaria Kunth.

Vernacular names

  • Indonesia: canar bokor (Sundanese)
  • Malaysia: canar bokor, ubi danau, akar banar
  • Philippines: sarsaparillang-puti, hampas-tikbalang (Tagalog), banag (Tagbanua), banal (Igorot), kaguno (Negrito)
  • Papua New Guinea: wanabekira.

Distribution

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Moluccas, Borneo and the Philippines to New Guinea and northern Australia (once collected).

Uses

Young shoots and leaves are edible. Stem usable as a substitute for rattan. Pounded rhizomes and leaves are applied to ulcerations of the nose in Malaysia. In the Philippines, the rhizomes are considered as a purifier of the blood and used in cases of syphilis, rheumatism and skin diseases. In Papua New Guinea, the sap from the top shoot is sucked as a poison antidote.

Observations

  • A robust climber up to 20 m long armed with patent or recurved prickles on the stem and branches.
  • Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 10-32 cm × 4-22 cm, coriaceous, pruinose beneath, petiole up to 4 cm long, wings of petiolar sheaths distinct, tendrils present.
  • Inflorescence with 2-6 umbels.
  • Fruit about 10 mm in diameter, black at maturity.


S. leucophylla occurs in mixed forest and teak forest, in Java up to 1100 m altitude. It has been much confused with S. blumei, which can be distinguished by its non-glaucous leaf undersurface and thinner leaves.

Selected sources

  • [97] Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C., 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands. Vol. 1 (1963) 647 pp., Vol. 2 (1965) 641 pp., Vol. 3 (1968) 761 pp.
  • [190] Brown, W.H., 1951-1957. Useful plants of the Philippines. Reprint of the 1941-1943 edition. 3 volumes. Technical Bulletin 10. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Bureau of Printing, Manila, the Philippines. Vol. 1 (1951) 590 pp., Vol. 2 (1954) 513 pp., Vol. 3 (1957) 507 pp.
  • [20]Burkill, I.H., 1935. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2 volumes. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, United Kingdom. 2402 pp.
  • [202] Burkill, I.H., 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint. 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol. 1 (A-H) pp. 1-1240. Vol. 2 (I-Z) pp. 1241-2444.
  • [278] Conran, J.G. & Clifford, H.T., 1986. Smilacaceae. In: George, A.S. (Editor): Flora of Australia. Vol. 46. Iridaceae to Dioscoreaceae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, Australia. pp. 180-196.
  • [27]Corner, E.J.H. & Watanabe, K., 1969. Illustrated guide to tropical plants. Hirokawa Publishing Co., Tokyo, Japan. 1147 pp.
  • [580] Heyne, K., 1950. De nuttige planten van Indonesië [The useful plants of Indonesia]. 3rd Edition. 2 volumes. W. van Hoeve, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands/Bandung, Indonesia. 1660 + CCXLI pp.
  • [601] Holdsworth, D.K., 1991. Medicinal plants of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. Part V. Coastal villages to the West and East of Port Moresby. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29(3): 231-236.
  • [608] Holdsworth, D.K. & Lacanienta, E., 1981. Traditional medicinal plants of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. Part II. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research 19(4): 155-167.
  • [779] Koyama, T., 1960. Materials toward a monograph of the genus Smilax. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 13: 1-62.
  • [1178] Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co., Quezon City, the Philippines. 1262 pp.
  • [1227] Ridley, H.N., 1922-1925. The flora of the Malay Peninsula. 5 volumes. Government of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States. L. Reeve & Co, London, United Kingdom.
  • [1356] Siemonsma, J.S. & Kasem Piluek (Editors), 1993. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 8. Vegetables. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 412 pp.
  • [1491] Ungson, L.B. & Sastrapradja, S., 1976. Variation in Smilax species of Java. Biotrop Bulletin No 12. SEAMEO Regional Centre for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia. 24 pp.

Main genus page

Authors

  • Stephen P. Teo
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