Cichorium endivia: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:11, 17 February 2014

Cichorium endivia L.

alt=Description of Andijvie bloei.jpg picture.

flowering scarole
Order	Asterales
Family	Compositae
Genus	Cichorium

2n = 18, 36

Origin : Europe

cultivated


English	{{{english}}}
French	{{{french}}}

English: endive
French: chicorée scarole et chicorée frisée
Up to the XIXe century, the species was named endive in French, but this name now designates Cichorium intybus Witloof Group.

annual herbaceous plant, much branched, up to 1,7 m high
taproot
leaves oboval, entire or lobed, glabrous or slightly puberulent
heads solitary or by 4-6, sessile or pedonculate
pedoncle thickened at apex
involucre with lanceolate, reflected bracts
flowers all ligulate, blue
fruit: achene, obovoid to cylindrical, slightly ribbed

very popular salads : curled and broad-leaved endive

Popular names

See French local names in Flore populaire of Eugène Rolland

Biology

Classification

Cichorium endivia L. (1753)

Cultivars

No complete system of botanical classification has ever been published, and many cultivar groups have remained unknown to botanists. We follow here a pragmatic classification on a use base.

Chicorée blanche Group

synonym :

var. endivia
var. angustifolium Lam. (1785)

French: chicorée blanche
German: Schnittendivie

This primitive form has quite disappeared.

Scarole Group

synonym : var. latifolium Lam. (1785)

English: endive, broad-leaved endive
French: scarole, chicorée scarole
See the names in all the European languages

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fleur
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gros plan d'une scarole
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Scarole blonde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Scarole en cornet (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Scarole grosse de Limay (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Scarole ronde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)

Groupe Chicorée frisée

synonyme : var. crispum Lam. (1785)

English: curled endive
French: chicorée frisée
See the names in all the European languages

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curled endive
Chicorée frisée d'Anjou (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)

Chicorée frisée d'Anjou (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée d'hiver (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée de Meaux (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée de Picpus (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée de Ruffec (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée fine de Louviers (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée fine de Rouen (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée grosse pancalière (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée impériale
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Chicorée frisée parisienne (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée frisée toujours blanche (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
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Chicorée mousse (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)

History

Cichorium endivia ne se trouve pas à l’état sauvage. De Candolle (1882) pensait que son ancêtre sauvage était Cichorium pumilum Jacq. Des auteurs plus récents la considèrent plutôt comme un hybride entre Cichorium intybus et Cichorium pumilum, l’accord se faisant sur la proximité botanique entre les deux espèces de chicorées cultivées.

Uses

See Plantes potagères de Vilmorin (1904)
See the nutritional composition (French CIQUAL Tables) de la broad-leaved endive et de la curled endive.

References

Links

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Species page (seed plant)
-|image = None50x50.jpg
+|image = Andijvie bloei.jpg
-|legend =
+|legend = flowering scarole
-|author =
+|author = L.
-|order =
+|order = Asterales
-|family =
+|family = Compositae
-|genus =
+|genus = Cichorium
-|nb chromosomes = 2n =
+|nb chromosomes = 2n = 18, 36
-|origin = area of origin
+|origin = Europe
-|status = wild or cultivated
+|status = cultivated
 }}
-*English:
+*English: '''endive'''
-*French:
+*French: '''chicorée scarole et chicorée frisée'''
+*Up to the XIXe century, the species was named '''endive''' in French, but this name now designates [[Cichorium intybus#Witloof Group|''Cichorium intybus'' Witloof Group]].
+*annual herbaceous plant, much branched, up to 1,7 m high
+*taproot
+*leaves oboval, entire or lobed, glabrous or slightly puberulent
+*heads solitary or by 4-6, sessile or pedonculate
+*pedoncle thickened at apex
+*involucre with lanceolate, reflected bracts
+*flowers all ligulate, blue
+*fruit: achene, obovoid to cylindrical, slightly ribbed
+*very popular salads : curled and broad-leaved endive
 == Popular names ==
+*See French local names in [[:fr:Cichorium (Rolland, Flore populaire)#Cichorium endivia|Flore populaire of Eugène Rolland]]
 == Biology ==
 == Classification ==
+''Cichorium endivia'' L. (1753)
 == Cultivars ==
+No complete system of botanical classification has ever been published, and many cultivar groups have remained unknown to botanists. We follow here a pragmatic classification on a use base.
+=== Chicorée blanche Group ===
+synonym :
+*var. ''endivia''
+*var. ''angustifolium'' Lam. (1785)
+*French: chicorée blanche
+*German: Schnittendivie
+This primitive form has quite disappeared.
+=== Scarole Group ===
+synonym : var. ''latifolium'' Lam. (1785)
+*English: endive, broad-leaved endive
+*French: scarole, chicorée scarole
+*See the names in all the [[Cichorium endivia Latifolium Group (Common names)|European languages]]
+<gallery widths=120px heights=120px perrow=9 caption="">
+File:Cichorium endivia flower (1).jpg|fleur
+File:Indivia.jpg|gros plan d'une scarole
+File:Scarole blonde Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole blonde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Scarole en cornet Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole en cornet (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Scarole grosse de Limay Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole grosse de Limay (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Scarole ronde Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole ronde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+</gallery>
+=== Groupe Chicorée frisée ===
+synonyme : var. crispum Lam. (1785)
+*English: curled endive
+*French: chicorée frisée
+*See the names in all the [[Cichorium endivia Crispum Group (Common names)|European languages]]
+<gallery widths=120px heights=120px perrow=9 caption="">
+File:Friseesalat1 fcm.jpg|curled endive
+File:Chicorée frisée d'Anjou Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée d'Anjou (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée d'hiver Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée d'hiver (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée de Meaux Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée de Meaux (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée de Picpus Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée de Picpus (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée de Ruffec Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée de Ruffec (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée fine de Louviers Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée fine de Louviers (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée fine de Rouen Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée fine de Rouen (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée grosse pancalière Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée grosse pancalière (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée impériale Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée impériale
+File:Chicorée frisée parisienne Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée parisienne (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée frisée toujours blanche Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée frisée toujours blanche (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+File:Chicorée mousse Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Chicorée mousse (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
+</gallery>
 == History ==
+''Cichorium endivia'' ne se trouve pas à l’état sauvage. De Candolle (1882) pensait que son ancêtre sauvage était ''Cichorium pumilum'' Jacq. Des auteurs plus récents la considèrent plutôt comme un hybride entre ''Cichorium intybus'' et ''Cichorium pumilum'', l’accord se faisant sur la proximité botanique entre les deux espèces de chicorées cultivées.
+*See [[Cichorium-Cinnamomum (Sturtevant, 1919)|Edible plants of Sturtevant (1919)]]
+*See [[:fr:Chicorée Endive (Candolle, 1882)|Origine des plantes cultivées de Candolle (1882)]].
 == Uses ==
+*See [[:fr:Chicorée endive (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)|Plantes potagères de Vilmorin (1904)]]
+*See the nutritional composition (French CIQUAL Tables) de la [http://www.ansespro.fr/TableCIQUAL/PMN0004R01.htm broad-leaved endive] et de la [http://www.ansespro.fr/TableCIQUAL/PMN000YS01.htm curled endive].
 == References ==
@@ Line 30: / Line 100: @@
 == Links ==
 *[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search.aspx?SearchTerm=Cichorium%20endivia&SearchCat= BHL]
-*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropFindForm FAO Ecocrop]
+*[http://wp6-cichorieae.e-taxonomy.eu/portal/cdm_dataportal/taxon/4f6c68d0-63f2-4235-83c2-5bff14532f90 Cichorieae Portal]
-*[http://www.feedipedia.org/ Feedipedia]
+*[http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=693 FAO Ecocrop]
-*[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/comindx.html Grieve's herbal]
 *[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Cichorium%20endivia GRIN]
 *[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cichorium%20endivia&amp;output_format=normal&amp;query_type=by_query&amp;back_page=query_ipni.html IPNI]
 *[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:45:1329164412874601::NO::P7_BOTNAME,P7_DB_CHECKBOX1,P7_DB_CHECKBOX2,P7_DB_CHECKBOX4:Cichorium%20endivia,,, Mansfeld]
-*[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Cichorium%20endivia Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany]
 *[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Cichorium.html Multilingual Plant Name Database]
-*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Cichorium_endivia_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
+*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Cichorium_intybus_nex.html NewCrop Purdue]
-*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Cichorium+endivia Plant List]
+*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Cichorium%20endivia Plant List]
 *[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cichorium%20endivia Plants for a future]
 *[http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea.php PROSEA]
 *[http://www.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?fr=1&h=M4&t=Cichorium,endivia&p=Cichorium%20endivia Prota4U]
+*[[Cichorium endivia (PROTA)|PROTA on Pl@ntUse]]
 *[http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore_bdtfx?referentiel=bdtfx&niveau=2&module=fiche&action=fiche&type_nom=nom_scientifique&nom=Cichorium%20endivia Tela Botanica]
 *[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium%20endivia Wikipédia]
-*[http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Cichorium%20endivia Wikiphyto]
+[[Category:Temperate vegetable, major]]
+[[Category:Cichorium]]