Cichorium endivia: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
*See the names in all the [[Cichorium endivia Latifolium Group (Common names)|European languages]] | *See the names in all the [[Cichorium endivia Latifolium Group (Common names)|European languages]] | ||
<gallery widths=120px heights=120px perrow=9 caption=""> | <gallery widths=120px heights=120px perrow=9 caption=""> | ||
File:Cichorium endivia flower (1).jpg| | File:Cichorium endivia flower (1).jpg|flower | ||
File:Indivia.jpg| | File:Indivia.jpg|close-up of a broad-leaved endive | ||
File:Scarole blonde Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole blonde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) | File:Scarole blonde Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole blonde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) | ||
File:Scarole en cornet Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole en cornet (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) | File:Scarole en cornet Vilmorin-Andrieux 1904.png|Scarole en cornet (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) | ||
Revision as of 16:15, 17 February 2014
Cichorium endivia L.
| Order | Asterales |
|---|---|
| Family | Compositae |
| Genus | Cichorium |
2n = 18, 36
Origin : Europe
cultivated
| English | {{{english}}} |
|---|---|
| French | {{{french}}} |
- English: endive
- French: chicorée scarole et chicorée frisée
- Up to the XIXe century, the species was named endive in French, but this name now designates Cichorium intybus Witloof Group.
- annual herbaceous plant, much branched, up to 1,7 m high
- taproot
- leaves oboval, entire or lobed, glabrous or slightly puberulent
- heads solitary or by 4-6, sessile or pedonculate
- pedoncle thickened at apex
- involucre with lanceolate, reflected bracts
- flowers all ligulate, blue
- fruit: achene, obovoid to cylindrical, slightly ribbed
- very popular salads : curled and broad-leaved endive
Popular names
- See French local names in Flore populaire of Eugène Rolland
Biology
Classification
Cichorium endivia L. (1753)
Cultivars
No complete system of botanical classification has ever been published, and many cultivar groups have remained unknown to botanists. We follow here a pragmatic classification on a use base.
Chicorée blanche Group
synonym :
- var. endivia
- var. angustifolium Lam. (1785)
- French: chicorée blanche
- German: Schnittendivie
This primitive form has quite disappeared.
Scarole Group
synonym : var. latifolium Lam. (1785)
- English: endive, broad-leaved endive
- French: scarole, chicorée scarole
- See the names in all the European languages
-
flower -
close-up of a broad-leaved endive -
Scarole blonde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Scarole en cornet (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Scarole grosse de Limay (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Scarole ronde (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
.jpg)
Groupe Chicorée frisée
synonyme : var. crispum Lam. (1785)
- English: curled endive
- French: chicorée frisée
- See the names in all the European languages
-
curled endive -
Chicorée frisée d'Anjou (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée d'hiver (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée de Meaux (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée de Picpus (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée de Ruffec (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée fine de Louviers (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée fine de Rouen (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée grosse pancalière (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée impériale -
Chicorée frisée parisienne (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée frisée toujours blanche (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904) -
Chicorée mousse (Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1904)
.jpg)
History
Cichorium endivia ne se trouve pas à l’état sauvage. De Candolle (1882) pensait que son ancêtre sauvage était Cichorium pumilum Jacq. Des auteurs plus récents la considèrent plutôt comme un hybride entre Cichorium intybus et Cichorium pumilum, l’accord se faisant sur la proximité botanique entre les deux espèces de chicorées cultivées.
Uses
- See Plantes potagères of Vilmorin (1904)
- See the nutritional composition (French CIQUAL Tables) de la broad-leaved endive et de la curled endive.