Arracacia xanthorrhiza

Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.

alt=Description de l'image Arracacha.jpg.

racine

Ordre	Apiales
Famille	Apiaceae
Genre	Arracacia

2n =

Origine : Amérique tropicale

sauvage et cultivé

Français	arracacha
Anglais	Peruvian carrot

Résumé des usages

• racines tubérisées consommées comme légume

Description

• 
  plantes en culture
• 
  diversité des couleurs
• arracacha en vente
  arracacha en vente

Noms populaires

français	arracacha, pomme de terre céleri
anglais	Peruvian carrot ; Peruvian parsnip (Mansfeld)
espagnol	arracacha ; racacha, apio criollo (Venezuela), zanahoria blanca (Ecuador), virraca (Peru) (Mansfeld)
portugais	arracacha ; batata baroa, mandioquinha-salsa (Mansfeld)
aymara	lakachu (Mansfeld)
quechua	huia sampilla, oqqe (Mansfeld)

Classification

Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. (1825).

Histoire

• Blackwood, 1827, Exotic flora, pl. 152.
  Blackwood, 1827, Exotic flora, pl. 152.
• Curtis's botanical magazine, 1831 v.58 [new ser.: v.5].
  Curtis's botanical magazine, 1831 v.58 [new ser.: v.5].

Usages

• arracacha bouillie
  arracacha bouillie

Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. Umbelliferae. ARRACACHA. PERUVIAN CARROT. Northern South America. This plant has been cultivated and used as a food from early times in the cooler mountainous districts of northern South America, where the roots form a staple diet of the inhabitants. The root is not unlike a parsnip in shape but more blunt; it is tender when boiled and nutritious, with a flavor between the parsnip and a roasted chestnut. A fecula, analogous to arrowroot, is obtained from it by rasping in, water. Arracacha yields, according to Boussingault , about 16 tons per acre. The plant is also found in the mountain regions of Central America. The roots are nutritious and palatable and there are yellow, purple and pale varieties . Attempts to naturalize this plant in field culture in Europe have been unsuccessful . It was introduced into Europe in 1829 and again, in 1846, but trials in England, France and Switzerland were unsuccessful5 in obtaining eatable roots. It was grown near New York in 1825 and at Baltimore in 1828 or 1829 but was found to be worthless. Lately introduced into India, it is now fairly established there and Morris considers it a most valuable plant-food, becoming more palatable and desirable the longer it is used. It is generally cultivated in Venezuela, New Granada and Ecuador, and in the temperate regions of these countries, Arracacha is preferred to the potato. The first account which reached Europe concerning this plant was published in the Annals of Botany in 1805. It was, however, mentioned in a few words by Alcedo , 1789.

Sturtevant, Notes on edible plants, 1919.

Cultivated as a traditional root vegetable of the temperate Andean valleys from Venezuela to Bolivia and northern Chile. Arracacha has extanded into the Carribean probably since the Spanish Conquest and was introduced to south-eastern Brazil towards the end of the 19th cent. Also grown in some parts of Central America and Africa, in India and Sri Lanka. Repeated experiments to introduce this promising crop to Europe, North America and Australia have failed till now because tuberization needs short-day conditions and further ecological requirements are met only in the tropical highlands. The tasteful and easily digestible root tubers contain 10-25% small-granular starch and are rich in minerals and vitamins. They are eaten boiled, as a purée, roasted and fried in slices or processed for chip production or canning (baby food). The leaves are prepared in raw or cooked salads. The main rootstocks, shoots and leaves also serve as fodder. Arracacha was domesticated in pre-Columbian times in the northern Andes between Venezuela and Bolivia. The most closely related wild species are A. equatorialis Constance in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 76 (1949) 46, A. andina Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18 (1891) 37, A. elata Wolff in Engl. Jahrb. 40 (1908) 304, and A. moschata (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 4 (1830) 244. Numerous clones are differentiated by the foliage colour and the white, yellow or purple external colour of the root tubers. Wild distribution: Peru and Ecuador.

Mansfeld.

Références

• Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic value. National Academy of Sciences Washington 1975: 188 p.
• Brücher, H. - Tropische Nutzpflanzen: Ursprung, Evolution und Domestikation. Springer Berlin 1977: 529 p.
• Brücher, H. - Useful plants of neotropical origin and their wild relatives. Springer Berlin 1989: 296 p.
• Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 729)
• Esquivel, M., H. Knüpffer & K. Hammer (1992): Inventory of the cultivated plants (pp 213-454) - In: K. Hammer, M. Esquivel & H. Knüpffer (eds.) - "...y tienen faxones y fabas muy diversos de los nuestros.". Origin, evolution and diversity of Cuban plant genetic resources. 2 IPK Gatersleben: 824 p.
• Flach, M. & F. Rumawas (eds.) - Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia 9 Backhuys Publ. Leiden 1996: 237 p.
• Gade, D. W. (1975) - Plants, man and the land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. - Biogeographica 6 Junk Publ. The Hague: 240 p.
• Hawkes, J. G. (1989): The domestication of roots and tubers in the American tropics (pp 481-503) - In: D. R. Harris & G. C. Hillman (eds.) - Foraging and farming: the evolution of plant exploitation Unwin Hyman London: 733 p.
• Hermann, M. & J. Heller (eds.) (1997) - Andean roots and tubers: ahipa, arracacha, maca and yacon. - Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops 21 IPGRI/IPK Rome/Gatersleben: 256 p.
• Hermann, M. - Andean roots and tubers: research priorities for a neglected food resource. Int. Potato Center Lima 1992: 32 p.
• Hernández Bermejo, J. E. & J. León (eds. (1994) - Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective. - - FAO Plant Production and Protection Series, Ser. 26. FAO Rome: 341 p.
• Hodge, W. H. (1954) - A little-known root crop of the Andes. - Econ. Bot. 8: 195-221.
• Kay, D. E. (1973) - Root crops. - Crops and Products Digest 2 Tropical Products Institute, Crops and Products Digest London: 245 p.
• León, J. - Fundamentos botánicos de los cultivos tropicales. Inst. Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas de la E. A. San José/Costa Rica. 1968.
• Mazón Ortiz, N., R. Castillo Torres, M. Herma (1996) - La zanahoria blanca o arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) en Ecuador. - Publicación Miscelánea 67 Departemento de Recursos Fitogenéticos y Biotecnología , INIAP (DENAREF) Mayo: 41 p.
• Montaldo, A. (1967) - Bibliografía de raíces y tubérculos tropicales. - Revista Fac. Agron. (Maracay) 13 Maracay Maracay: 595 p.
• Montaldo, A. (1972) - Cultivo de raíces y tubérculos tropicales. - Textos y materiales de Enseñanza 21 Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas de la OEA Lima (Peru): 284 p.
• National Research Council (ed.) - Lost crops of the incas: little-known plants of the Andes with promise for worldwide cultivation. Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Comm. - 2nd print. National Acad. Press Washington 1990: 415 p.
• Patiño, V. M. - Plantas cultivadas y animales domesticos en America equinoccial. 1. Frutales; 2. Plantas alimentacias. Imprenta Departamental Cali (Colombia) 1963-1964: 547 pp & 364 p.
• Rehm, S. & G. Espig - Die Kulturpflanzen der Tropen und Subtropen: Anbau, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, Verwertung. (Ulmer Taschenbücher). Ulmer Stuttgart 1976: 496 p.
• Rubatzky, V. E. & M. Yamaguchi - World vegetables: principles, production and nutritive values., Ed. 2 Chapman & Hall New York 1997: 843 pp.
• Tindall, H. D. - Vegetables in the tropics. Macmillan Houndmills 1987: 533 p.

Liens

• BHL
• GRIN
• IPNI
• Mansfeld
• NewCrop Purdue
• Plants for a future
• Tela Botanica
• Useful Tropical Plants Database
• Wikipédia
• World Flora Online