Atriplex hortensis
Atriplex hortensis L.
| Ordre | Caryophyllales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Amaranthaceae |
| Genre | Atriplex |
2n = 18
Origine : sud de l'Europe à Asie centrale
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | arroche |
|---|---|
| Anglais | orach |
- légume-feuille
- plante tinctoriale
- ornemental
Description
-
arroche rouge
-
arroche rouge
-
arroche rouge en fleurs
- plante annuelle dépassant souvent 1 m, glabre et verte, à tige dressée, anguleuse, rameuse
- feuilles alternes, un peu glauques ou parfois rougeâtres, hastées-triangulaires, entières ou sinuées-dentées, les supérieures oblongues ou lancéolées
- fleurs verdâtres, en grappes terminales et axillaires formant une grande panicule
- valves fructifères libres ou à peine soudées, à la fin larges de 1 cm, ovales-orbiculaires apiculées, entières, membraneuses, lisses, veinées en réseau
- graine rousse.(Coste)
Noms populaires
| français | arroche, belle-dame |
| anglais | orach, orache, French spinach |
| allemand | Gartenmelde |
| néerlandais | melde, tuinmelde |
| italien | atreplice, bietolone |
| espagnol | armuelle |
| portugais | armolas |
| bulgare | градинска лобода - gradinska loboda |
- Voir les noms de la Flore populaire d'Eugène Rolland
Classification
Atriplex hortensis L. (1753), nom. cons.
Cultivars
-
Arroche blonde. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie, 1904. Les plantes potagères.
Histoire
-
Andraphaxis Dioscoride, Codex Vindobonensis, 50v.
-
Sturm, 1796. Deutschlands Flora. -
Arroche. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie, 1883. Les plantes potagères.
Usages
- Voir les Plantes médicinales de Cazin (1868)
- Voir les Plantes potagères de Vilmorin (1904)
En Bulgarie, les feuilles servent à envelopper des boulettes de viande, de riz ou de boulgour, appelées sarma. (Dogan et al., 2015).
Atriplex hortensis Linn. BUTTER LEAVES. MOUNTAIN SPINACH. ORACH. Cosmopolitan. Orach has long been used as a kitchen vegetable in Europe. It was known to the ancient Greeks under the name of atraphaxis and Dioscorides writes that it was eaten boiled. It was known to the Romans under the name of atriplex. Orach was introduced into English gardens in 1548 and was long used, as it still is, in many countries to correct the acidity and the green color of sorrel. It is grown in three varieties. [1]
Orach was known to Turner [2] in England in 1538, who calls it areche, or red oreche. In 1686, Ray [3] mentions the white and red, as mentioned by Gerarde [4] in 1597. In 1623, Bauhin [5] mentions the red, the white and the dark green. In 1806, three kinds are named by McMahon [6] as in American gardens.
Obviously only cultivated, formerly grown in Europe as a widespread leaf vegetable, used like spinach. Old Indo-European crop plant but since long times with decreasing importance. Ocassionally grown as an ornamental plant. In Russia also used as a dye plant. There are several races distinguished on the basis of leaf colour and form. The most common races are: var. hortensis - leaves green, var. rubra Roth (Tent. germ. 1, 1788, 433 pro β) - leaves red; var. lutea Alef. (Landw. Fl., 1866, 275) - leaves yellow; var. benghalensis (Lam.) Moq. (in DC., Prodr. 13, 2, 1849, 91). Most closely related and presumably the ancestral species is A. sagittata Borkh. in Rhein. Mag. (1792) 477 (A. nitens Schkuhr, Handb. 3, 1803, 541).
Références
- Andrews, A.C., 1948. Orach as the spinach of the classical period. Isis, 39 (3) : 169-172.
- Becker-Dillingen, J. - Handbuch des gesamten Gemüsebaues. (2nd ed. 1929, 5th ed. 1950, 6th ed. 1956). Parey Berlin 1924: 1065 p.
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 25)
- Coxworth, E. C. M., J. M. Bell & R. Ashford (1969) - Preliminary evaluation of Russian thistle, Kochia, and garden Atriplex as potential high protein content seed crops for semiarid areas. - Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 49: 427-434.
- Dambourney, Louis-Alexandre, 1786 Recueil de procédés et d'expériences sur les teintures solides que nos végétaux indigènes communiquent aux laines & aux lainages. Paris, De l'imprimerie de Ph.-D. Pierres, premier imprimeur ordinaire du roi. 407 p. Voir sur Pl@ntUse
- Dogan, Yunus et al., 2015. Of the importance of a leaf: The ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. J. Ethnobiol. & Ethnomed., 11-26. doi : 10.1186/s13002-015-0002-x
- Hammer, K., H. Knüpffer, G. Laghetti & P. Per - Seeds from the past. A catalogue of crop germplasm in South Italy and Sicily. IPK/Ist. Germoplasma Gatersleben/Bari 1992: 173 p.
- Harvey, J. - Early gardening catalogues. Phillimore London 1972: 182 p.
- Kühn, F., K. Hammer & P. Hanelt (1976) - Botanische Ergebnisse einer Reise in die ČSSR 1974 zur Sammlung autochthoner Landsorten von Kulturpflanzen. - Kulturpflanze 24: 283-347.
- Priszter, S. - A kerti laboda: Atriplex hortensis L. (Magyarország kultúrflórája, 7) (Kultúrflóra, 16). Akad. Kiado Budapest 1962: 56 p.