Banisteriopsis caapi
Banisteriopsis caapi
(Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V. Morton
| Ordre | Malpighiales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Malpighiaceae |
| Genre | Banisteriopsis |
2n =
Origine : Amazonie
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | |
|---|---|
| Anglais |
- hallucinogène : écorce
Description
-
fleurs -
fleurs -
liane -
tronçons de liane -
feuilles
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Noms populaires
| français | ayahuasca |
| anglais | ayahuasca |
| espagnol | yagé (Colombie), mariri, hayo, tuipa |
| portugais | caapi, cabi |
| tupi (tukano) | caapi |
Classification
Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V. Morton (1931).
basionyme :
- Banisteria caapi Spruce ex Griseb. (1858)
Histoire
Usages
Besides the exploitation of wild plants, the species is also cultivated in South America by Indian tribes (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil). The shoots, roots and leaves, sometimes as an admixture with other species, are used by Indians for the preparation of a hallucinogenic beverage, used for special ceremonies or the roots and stems are chewed for this purpose (Venezuela). The dried leaves are also smoked. Wild distribution: South America (NW Amazonas basin).
La plante possède des alcaloïdes du groupe des harmanes, notamment l'harmaline et l'harmine qui sont des inhibiteurs de monoamine oxydase. L'écorce est l'ingrédient principal du breuvage appelé ayahuasca.
Références
- Bennett, B. C. (1992) - Hallucinogenic plants of the Shuar and related indigenous groups in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru. - Brittonia 44: 483-493.
- Bristol, M. L. (1966) - The psychotropic Banisteriopsis among the Sibundoy of Colombia. - Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 113-140.
- Ducke, A. (1946) - Plantas de cultura precolombiana na Amazônia Brasileira. Notas sôbre as espécies ou formas espontâneas que supostamente lhes teriam dado origem. - Bol. Técn. Inst. Agron. N. 8: 1-24.
- Gragson, T. L. (1997) - The use of underground plant organs and its relation to habitat selection among the Pumé Indians of Venezuela. - Econ. Bot. 51: 377-384.
- Hesse, E. - Die Rausch- und Genußgifte, Ed. 2 Stuttgart 1953: 139 pp.
- Lowy, B. (1987) - Caapi revisited - in christianity. - Econ. Bot. 41: 450-452.
- Purseglove, J. W. - Tropical crops: Dicotyledons. 1 & 2 Longman London 1968: 719 pp.
- Rehm, S. & G. Espig - Die Kulturpflanzen der Tropen und Subtropen: Anbau, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, Verwertung. (Ulmer Taschenbücher). Ulmer Stuttgart 1976: 496 pp.
- Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1970) - Notes on the cultural extent of the use of yajé (Banisteriopsis caapi) among the Indians of the Vaupés, Colombia. - Econ. Bot. 24: 32-33.
- Rivier, L. & J.-E. Lindgren (1972) - "Ayahuasca", the South American hallucinogenic drink: an ethnobotanical and chemical investigation. - Econ. Bot. 26: 101-129.
- Schultes, R. E. (1957) - The identity of the malpighiaceous narcotics of South America. - Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 1-56.
- Schultes, R. E. (1985) - De plantis toxicariis e mundo tropical commentationes XXXVI. A novel method of utilizing the hallucinogenic Banisteriopsis. - Bot. Mus. Leafl. 30: 61-63.
- Schultes, R. E., B. Holmstedt & J.-E. Lindgren (1969) - De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale commentationes III. Phytochemical examination of Spruce's original collection of Banisteriopsis caapi. - Bot. Mus. Leafl. 22: 121-132.
- Schultes, R. E. & R. F. Raffauf - Vine of the Soul: medicine men, their plants and rituals in the Colombian Amazonia. Synergetic Press, Oracle 1992: 282 pp.
- Schultes, R. E. & R. F. Raffauf (1990) - The healing forest: medicinal and toxic plants of the Northwest Amazonia. - Historical, Ethno- and Economic Botany 2 Dioscorides Press Portland, Oregon: 484 pp.
- Vickers, W. T. & T. Plowman (1984) - Useful plants of the Siona and Secoya Indians of Eastern Ecuador. (Publication 1356). - Fieldiana, Bot. N. S. 15: 1-63.