Cupressus arizonica (CYPMED)

← Cupressus abramsiana

Les espèces de cyprès (CYPMED)

Cupressus atlantica →

1) Fleurs mâles; 2-3) Fleurs femelles; 4) Cônes; 5) Arbre; 6) Ecorce.

répartition : Arizona, Texas, Nouveau-Mexique, Mexique

Cupressus arizonica Greene 1882

Notes taxonomiques, synonymies

• Cupressus arizonica (Greene) var. arizonica Sudw.
• Cupressus glabra Sudw.

Nom commun

Arizona Cypress, Cyprès de l’Arizona, Cedro blanco, Cedro de la sierra, Pinabete, Waaka.

Port ou silhouette dans la zone d’origine

Hauteur pouvant atteindre 20-25 m. Feuillage initialement conico-pyramidal, homogène et large; en forme de colonne et dense chez les individus à maturité. Ecorce du tronc rugueuse qui ne desquame pas. Glandes résinifères peu actives. Dimensions des microsporophylles: 2,5 x 2 mm.

Notes

Croît en zones humides à pluviosité élevée, de préférence sur sols frais et profonds. Se trouve aussi sur sols rocheux, granitiques, calcaires, parfois en terrains sableux, s’adapte aussi aux sols siliceux. Tolère aussi des sols argileux. Utilisable comme brise-vent et contre l’érosion du sol. Malgré cela tolère la chaleur et les conditions arides avec facilité. Tolère les aérosols marins pollués. Tolérance élevée aux froids hivernaux et aux gelées. Susceptible au Seiridium cardinale et à la Cinara cupressi.

Principaux composants de l’huile essentielle

α-pinène (29.04), limonène (8.66%), terpin-1-èn-4-ol + p-menthenone (5.49%), umbellulone (5.07%), M+ 204 (3.94%), α-terpinéol (2.86%), trans-p-menth-2-èn-1,8 diol (2.74%), sabinène (2.64%), myrcène (2.55%), acètate de bornyle (2.34%).

Bibliographie sur les huiles essentielles

• 3 Etude chimiotaxinomique du genre Cupressus. Pierre-Leandri Christelle. 2000. Thèse de doctorat en chimie, 19/1/2000. Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis.
• 5 Activité antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles de Cyprès et d’Eucalyptus algériens. Chanegriha-N ; Foudil-Cherif-Y ; Baaliouamer-A ; Meklati-BY. Rivista Italiana EPPOS. 1998, No. 25, 11-16.
  • The essential oils of Algerian Cupressus sempervirens, C. arizonica, C. glabra [C. arizonica], Eucalyptus globulus and E. punctata were screened for antimicrobial properties. All essential oils exhibited activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.
• 6 Comparisons among Cupressus arizonica Greene, C. benthamii Endl., C. lindleyi Klotz. ex Endl. and C. lusitanica Mill. using leaf essential oils and DNA fingerprinting. Adams,-R.P. ; Zanoni,-T.A. ; Lara,-A. ; Barrero,-A.F. ; Cool,-L.G. Journal of essential oil research (JEOR) (USA). 1997. v. 9(3) p. 303-309.
  • The chemical composition of the leaf oils are reported for Cupressus arizonica, C. benthamii and C. lindleyi from Mexico and compared to the leaf oil of C. lusitanica, introduced to Portugal in ca. 1634. The oil of C. arizonica has moderate amounts of butyl methyl ether (8.6%), alpha-pinene (7.6%), beta-phellandrene (5.7%), umbellulone (5.4%), isophyllocladene (5.8%), phyllocladene (4.1%), nezukol (8.5%) and phyllocladanol (14.2%). The oil of C. benthamii has a large amount of abietadiene (26%) and trans-totarol (19.3%), with moderate amounts of alpha-pinene (4.1%), cis-totarol (4.2%) and trans-ferruginol (5.0%). The oil of C. lindleyi has moderate amounts of butyl methyl ether (6.5%), limonene (14.0%), beta-phellandrene (13.0%), umbellulone (8.1%), terpinen-4-ol (4.6%) and alpha-cadinol (10.0%). The oil of C. lusitanica has considerable abietadiene (11-24%), with moderate amounts of alpha-pinene (6.0-16.6%), sabinene (6.7- 10.3%) and trans-totarol (5.1-6.5%). C. lusitanica was about as similar to C. arizonica as it was to C. benthamii or C. lindleyi in either terpenoids or Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). C. benthamii and C. lindleyi were quite distinct and continued specific recognition seems warranted. C. lusitanica appears to be a distinct taxon but it’s origin is still not resolved.
• 7 Composition of leaf oil of Cupressus arizonica. Mailhebiau-JP ; Suvarnalatha-G. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. 2002, 24 : 2, 381-383.
  • The steam-distilled oil from the leafy branches of Cupressus arizonica was analysed by GC/MS. Sixty seven components were identified by GC/MS, the major constituents were delta-3-carene (21%), alpha-pinene (14%) and sabinene (11%).
• 8 GC and GC/MS leaf oil analysis of four Algerian cypress species. Chanegriha-N ; Baaliouamer-A ; Meklati-BY. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 1997, 9: 5, 555-559.
  • The essential oils, hydrodistilled from leaves of Cupressus glabra [C. arizonica], C. arizonica, C. sempervirens and C. dupreziana (collected from Algeria), were examined by GC and GC-MS. In total 76 constituents were identified, from which 49, 46, 48 and 54 compounds were found in the oils of C. glabra, C. arizonica, C. sempervirens and C. dupreziana, respectively. The main components of the oils were: terpinen-4-ol (10.5%) and umbellulone (27.4%) in C. glabra; alpha-pinene (10.5%) and umbellulone (37.3%) in C. arizonica; alphapinene (2.8-44.9%), delta-3-carene (3.1-10.6%) and alpha-terpinyl acetate (5.5-12%) in C. sempervirens; and alpha-pinene (36.4%) and delta-3-carene (33.8%) in C. dupreziana.
• 9 HPLC quantification of flavonoids and biflavonoids in Cupressaceae leaves. Romani-A ; Galardi-C ; Pinelli-P ; Mulinacci-N ; Heimler-D. Chromatographia. 2002, 56: 7-8, 469-474.
  • The aim of this investigation was to obtain qualitative and quantitative profiles of the flavonoid and biflavonoid composition of six cypress species — Cupressus funebris, C. sempervirens, C. glabra [C. arizonica var. glabra], C. arizonica, C. goveniana, and C. lusitanica. HPLC-diode-array detection (DAD), HPLC-MS, and HPTLC were used to identify the individual compounds. A chromatographic method was optimized for identification and quantification of the main flavonoid glycosides and biflavonoids. The flavonoids identified and calibrated were: rutin [rutoside], quercetin glucoside, quercetin rhamnoside, and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside. The biflavonoids identified and calibrated were: cupressuflavone, amentoflavone, robustaflavone, hinokiflavone, methylrobustaflavone, methylamentoflavone, and dimethylcupressuflavone.
• 10 Volatile constituents of leaf oils from the Cupressaceae family: part I. Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., C. arizonica Greene and C. torulosa Don species growing in Argentina. Malizia-RA ; Cardell-DA ; Molli-JS ; Gonzalez-S ; Guerra-PE ; Grau-RJ. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2000, 12: 1, 59-63.
  • Essential oils, steam-distilled from leaves of C. macrocarpa, C. arizonica and C. torulosa leaves, collected in the Argentinian Patagonia, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Essential oils were obtained in yields of 0.78, 1.01 and 0.61%, respectively. The main constituents of each essential oil were: (i) C. macrocarpa: alphapinene (20.2%), sabinene (12.0%), p-cymene (7%) and terpinen-4-ol (29.6%); (ii) C. arizonica: alpha-pinene (22.9%), limonene (8.5%), umbellulone (16.5%), terpinen-4-ol (5.5%) and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (9%); and (iii) C. torulosa: alpha-thujene (4.2%), alpha-pinene (25.8%), sabinene (22.3%), myrcene (4.7%) and terpinen-4-ol (9.3%).