Cupressus bakeri (CYPMED)
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Cupressus bakeri Jepson (1909)
Notes taxonomiques, synonymies
Cupressus macnabiana (A. Murray bis) var. bakeri (Jepson) Jepson 1923.
Nom commun
Modoc, Baker cypress, Siskiyou cypress, Cyprès de Baker.
Portement dans la zone d’origine
Hauteur pouvant atteindre 15-30 m. Feuillage étroit un peu clairsemé. Dimensions des microsporophylles: 2-3 x 2-2,5 mm.
Notes
Vit en zone aride de transition sur sols volcaniques (basaltes) rocheux, micaschistes ou serpentines riches en Mg et Fe et pauvres en K2O. Tolérant aux basses températures (avec des minimums annuels jusqu’à –23°C). Préfère des zones à pluviosité de 600-900 mm/an. Résistant au Seiridium cardinale.
Principaux composants de l’huile essentielle
composé coélué avec umbellulone (15.21%), α-pinène (10.86%), M+ 220 (7.22%), cédrol (6.57%), Δ-3 carène (5.29%), M+ 236 (3.72%), 14-norcadin-5-en-4-one (2.95%), M+ 204 (2.41%), cis calaménène (2.12%), épi-zonarene (2.1%).
Bibliographie sur les huiles essentielles
- 3 Etude chimiotaxinomique du genre Cupressus. Pierre-Leandri Christelle. 2000. Thèse de doctorat en chimie, 19/1/2000. Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis.
- 12 Bakerol: an unusual nor-acorane hemiketal from Cupressus bakeri foliage. Cool-LG ; Kim-YK ; Zavarin-E ; Ball-GE. Phytochemistry. 1994, 36: 5, 1283-1285.
- Foliage of Cupressus bakeri (from California) was found to contain several acorane-related sesquiterpenoids. One of these was bakerol, a new nor-acorane hemiketal with a 3,5,5,8-tetramethyldicyclopenta[b,c]furan carbon skeleton; about 3% of the keto tautomer (2,6-dimethyl-9-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one) was observed. Bakerol is also present in a related cypress, C. nevadensis.
- 13 Chemical and ecological variability of Cupressus bakeri on Goosenest Mountain, California. Dodd-RS ; Rafii-ZA. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 1994, 22: 4, 393-400.
- Foliage of 51 trees from five natural populations of Cupressus bakeri on Goosenest Mountain, California, were analysed for mono- and sesquiterpenes using gas chromatography. A thorough survey of populations was made to clarify the degree of genetic variation at this location, that from earlier studies would appear to be the most phenotypically variable of the disjunct localities of this species. Compositional variability, together with analyses of allele frequencies for some of the terpenoids were employed to assess genetic differentiation patterns within and among the populations. Overall variability at this locality was high, confirming earlier morphometrical and chemical analyses, including high levels of inter- and intra-population variability. The pattern of phenotypic variability observed among these populations was closely correlated with genetic variability, suggesting this to be the most genetically diverse of the known stands of this species. The phenotypic variability observed encompassed that found in more northern and more southern localities, supporting the hypothesis that this is a region of transition in the species. A suprisingly great differentiation between two geographically close populations on the north-west side of the mountain suggests that gene flow is very restricted in this species.
- 14 Chemical diversity in Cupressus bakeri 1. Megagametophyte fatty acids. Wolf-CB ; Rafii-Z ; Cool-LG ; Jonas-R ; Zavarin-E. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 1992, 20: 1, 25-30.
- Gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyse fatty acid content of the megagametophyte in 69 trees of 7 populations of C. bakeri taken from 1 Oregon and 3 California locations. Compositional variability was very small. Most fatty acids were unsaturated. GC retention times and mass spectrometry identified 16 fatty acids, 5 of them in very small or trace amounts. Canonical discriminant analysis separated most populations from one another but separations did not support the existence of the subspecies matthewsii and typica proposed by Wolf.
- 15 cis-Calamenene-related sesquiterpenoids from Cupressus bakeri foliage. Kim-Y.K. ; Cool-L.G. ; Zavarin-E. Phytochemistry (United Kingdom). 1994. 36(4) p. 961-965.
- 16 Thujopsene- and cis-muurolane-related sesquiterpenoids from Cupressus bakeri. Cool-LG ; Jiang-K. SO: Phytochemistry. 1995, 40: 1, 177-181
- Three known sesquiterpenoids (thujopsadiene, thujopsan-2alpha-ol and mayurone), mayurone epoxide, thujopsenol epoxide and 2 new cis-muurolane-related terpenoids, named (+)-2-ethylmenthone and (+)- indipone, were isolated from the leaves of C. bakeri (collected from California). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectral data.