Ficus religiosa
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Ficus religiosa L.
| Ordre | Rosales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Moraceae |
| Genre | Ficus |
2n =
Origine : Asie du Sud
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | pipal |
|---|---|
| Anglais | pipal |
Résumé des usages
- médicinale
- écorce : tanin, papier
- feuilles : fourrage
- fruits et jeunes feuilles comestibles
- hôte de l'insecte à laque
- latex : vernis, glu
- bois de faible qualité
- arbre sacré
- planté en alignement
Description
-
1, rameau en fruits ; 2, figure en section transversale ; 3, partie de réceptacle avec fleurs ; 4, fleur femelle ; 5, fleur mâle ; 6, infrutescence (PROSEA, Achmad Satiri Nurhaman)
-
arbre poussant dans un mur
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tronc au Bengale
-
feuille
-
figues
Noms populaires
| français | pipal |
| anglais | bo tree, bodhi tree, pipal tree (PROSEA) ; peepal, holy fig tree, peepul, sacred fig tree (Flowers of India) |
| chinois | 菩提树 - pu ti shu (Flora of China) |
| sanscrit | अश्वत्थः - ashvattha, पिप्पलः - pippala, बोधिवृक्षः - bodhivriksha, कुञ्जराशनः - kunjarashan, प्लक्षः - plaksha (Flowers of India) |
| hindi | अस्वत्थ - aswattha, पीपल - pipal (Flowers of India) |
| ourdou | پيپل - peepal (Flowers of India) |
| bengali | অশ্বত্থ - asbattha (Flowers of India) |
| marathi | अश्वत्थ - ashwattha, पिंपळ - pimpala (Flowers of India) |
| gujerati | અશ્વત્થ - asvattha, પીપળો - piplo (Flowers of India) |
| konkani | अश्वता रूकू - ashvata ruku, पिंपळ - pimpal (Flowers of India) |
| telugu | పిప్పలము - pippalamu, రావీచెట్టు - ravichettu (Flowers of India) |
| tamoul | அரசமரம் - araca-maram, பிப்பலம் - pippalam (Flowers of India) |
| kannada | ಅರಳಿಮರ - aralimara, ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥಮರ - asvatthamara (Flowers of India) |
| malayalam | അരയാൽ - arayal, പിപ്പലം - pippalam (Flowers of India) |
| odia | ଓସ୍ତ - osta (Flowers of India) |
| manipuri | সনা খোঙনাঙ - sana khongnang (Flowers of India) |
| népalais | पिपल - pipal (Flowers of India) |
| assamais | আঁহত - ahot, পিপ্পল - pippol (Flowers of India) |
| mizo | hmâwng (Flowers of India) |
| Indonésie | bodhi (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | pho see ma haa pho (centre), yong (Shan-Mae Hong Son), salee (nord) (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | cây bồ dề, cây da, cây da bồ dề (PROSEA) |
| Laos | pho (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | dom pur (PROSEA) |
Classification
Ficus religiosa L. (1753)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
arealu, Rheede, 1678, Hortus Malabaricus, 1:27
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Mary Ann Burnett, 1839–40
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Rama, Sita et Lakshmana sous un pipal
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timbre de l'Inde, 1987
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Usages
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Un des bodhi sacrés
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tête de Bouddha envahie par un figuier au temple Wat Mahatat, dans le parc historique d'Ayutthaya
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bodhi à Bhod Gaya (Inde)
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fanions bouddhistes dans un pipal à Bhod Gaya (Inde)
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Cultivated in the tropical regions of the world mainly as ornamental tree with various uses; in India as host tree of lac insects, in Assam as fodder for silkworms. Fruits and buds can be eaten, the leaves serve for fodder and medicine, the bark as dyeing and tanning substance, the latex for making varnishes and birdlime. Wild distribution: E India, Sri Lanka. As holy tree of the Buddhists from India introduced to Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and S China.
Mansfeld.