Ocimum gratissimum
Ocimum gratissimum L.
| Ordre | Lamiales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Lamiaceae |
| Genre | Ocimum |
2n =
Origine : Afrique et Asie tropicales
sauvage et cultivé
| Français | ' |
|---|---|
| Anglais | ' |
- médicinal
- herbe condimentaire
Description
-
1, rameau en fleurs; 2, partie d'inflorescence (PROSEA).
-
plante -
fleurs -
fruits
Noms populaires
| français | basilic africain, basilic sauvage, baumier, gros baume, menthe gabonaise |
| créole antillais | bazilik, gros fonbazen, fonbazen gran fèy, benjwen, gwoboné (TRAMIL) |
| créole haïtien | atiyayo, fonbazen (TRAMIL) |
| anglais | shrubby basil, East Indian basil, Russian basil (PROSEA) ; clove basil, African basil ; wild basil (Hawaii) |
| espagnol | albahaca vaca (Saint-Domingue), basen (Guatemala) (TRAMIL) |
| sanscrit | ajaka, ajeka, bilvaparni, doshakleshi (Flowers of India) |
| hindi | राम तुलसी - ram tulsi, बन तुलसी - ban tulsi (Flowers of India) |
| ourdou | tukhm faranjmushk (Flowers of India) |
| bengali | ৰাম তুলসী - ram tulsi (Flowers of India) |
| marathi | ajavala, राम तुलसी - ramatulasi, tanatulasu (Flowers of India) |
| manipuri | ৰাম তুলসী Ram tulsi (Flowers of India) |
| telugu | nimma-tulasi, nimmatulasi, rama-tulasi (Flowers of India) |
| tamoul | elumichantulasi, peruntulasi, elumiccam tulaci (Flowers of India) |
| odia | sondabhogohulono (Flowers of India) |
| assamais | ৰাম তুলসী - ram tulsi (Flowers of India) |
| Indonésie | kemangi hutan, ruku-ruku rimba (Sumatra), selaseh mekah (PROSEA) |
| Malaysia | selaseh besar, ruku-ruku hitam (PROSEA) |
| Thaïlande | kaphrao-chang, horapha-chang, yira (PROSEA) |
| Vietnam | hương nhu trắng, é lá lớn (PROSEA) |
| Cambodge | ling leak kranam (PROSEA) |
Classification
Ocimum gratissimum L. (1753)
synonymes :
- Ocimum suave Willd. (1809)
- Ocimum viride Willd. (1809)
Cultivars
Histoire
Usages
- Voir les Plantes potagères de Vilmorin (1904)
Cultivated in its natural area, the Mediterranean region (southern France, Albania), the south-western part of the former Soviet Union, southern China, Korea, southern North and Latin America (Cuba, Brazil) for its essential oils (chemotypes rich in thymol, eugenol "Clocimum", resp. geraniol) as a medicinal, spice, and perfume plant. Sometimes planted for hedges and as a mosquito-repellent. The plant has been widely employed as a folk remedy (febrifuge, diaphoretic, antiseptic). The leaves are eaten in salads, used as a condiment for sauces, soups or meat, and infused into a drink. The hybrid Ocimum gratissimum L. × O. forskolei Benth., Russ. vgenol'nyj bazilik, has been cultivated as a medicinal plant for the production of eugenol in the former Soviet Union (Krasnodarskij Kraj, Moldova, Georgia, Tadžikistan).
Références
- Paton, A. 1992. A synopsis of Ocimum L. (Labiatae) in Africa. Kew Bull., 47: 511.
- TRAMIL, Pharmacopée végétale caribéenne, éd. scient. L. Germosén-Robineau. 2014. 3e éd. Santo Domingo, Canopé de Guadeloupe. 420 p. Voir sur Pl@ntUse
- Vieira, R. F. et al., 2001. Genetic diversity of Ocimum gratissimum L. based on volatile oil constituents, flavonoids and RAPD markers. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol., 29: 287-304.