Senna siamea

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Senna siamea
(Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

alt=Description de l'image Kassod (Senna siamea) flowers W IMG 0540.jpg.
fleurs
Ordre Fabales
Famille Fabaceae
Genre Senna

2n =

Origine : Inde, Sri lanka,
Asie du Sud-Est

sauvage et cultivé

Français bois perdrix
Anglais cassod tree


Résumé des usages
  • ornemental
  • bois d'œuvre
  • bois de feu
  • planté en haies et brise-vent
  • feuilles : légume
  • boutons floraux : curry
  • médicinal : racine
  • fourrage, engrais vert


Description

  • Arbre de taille petite à moyenne atteignant 20 m de haut.
  • Leaves composées paripinnées, oblongues-elliptiques.
  • Inflorescence : panicule érigée, terminale, à 10-60 fleurs.
  • Gousse aplatie, contenant 20--30 graines.
  • Graines ovoïdes, très plates, brun clair.

Noms populaires

français bois perdrix
anglais cassod tree, ironwood ; kassod tree, Thai copper pod ; Thailand shower (Philippines) (PROSEA)
chinois 铁刀木 - tie dao mu (Flora of China)
Indonésie johar (Sumatra, Java) (PROSEA)
Malaysia johor, juah, petai belalang (péninsule) (PROSEA)
Thaïlande khi lek ban (nord), khi lek yai (centre), phak chili (nord) (PROSEA)
Vietnam muồng (PROSEA)
Laos 'khi2'lek (PROSEA)
Cambodge ângkanh' (PROSEA)

Classification

Senna siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (1982)

basionyme :

  • Cassia siamea Lam. (1785)

Cultivars

Histoire

Usages

Cultivated in SE Asia and Africa. In China included in agroforestry systems. The wood is utilized as timber and for the production of furniture, posts, walking-sticks, mallets, and tool-handles. In Africa it is planted mainly for the production of fuelwood and as fence (Nigeria) for animals. It is cultivated too as fuelwood in China by Dai people since 400 years at least. Besides it is grown for hedgerow intercropping (Kenya, Nigeria). In India it is grown as a hedge for windbreak. Furthermore the species serves as shade tree for agricultural cultures and as fodder plant (India, Malaysia) as well as for green manuring (Cuba, SE Asia). In China it is cultivated as medicinal plant in gardens. The roots are used medicinally. The flowers and flower buds are eaten in curries. The leaves are eaten as vegetables.

Mansfeld.


S. siamea is grown as a shade tree along roads and in coffee and tea plantations and is often planted as an ornamental. There is increasing interest in its use as a source of mulch, especially in alley-cropping systems. In drier regions such as northern India it is planted as a wind-break and shelter-belt, while in other tropical regions it is used extensively for rehabilitation of degraded lands. It is also used to revegetate aluminium mine tailings (red mud).

In Thailand and Indo-China, young fruits and leaves are eaten as a vegetable. During preparation, the cooking liquid is replaced three times to remove toxins. The flowers and young leaves are used in curries in Sri Lanka.

S. siamea is not widely grown for fodder, but the trees are browsed and plantations should be protected from livestock and wildlife. In Bangladesh, browsing by deer caused a 70% reduction in growth in the first year in unfenced plots. The alkaloids and other secondary plant compounds in the leaves, flowers and pods of S. siamea are highly toxic to non-ruminants, like pigs and poultry, and these animals should be excluded from plantations. Caution should be exercised when feeding the leaves to ruminants, since little is known about the long-term effects. S. siamea is used as a host plant for the lac insect in China, while in India it is used as a host for sandalwood (Santalum sp.), a parasitic tree producing the well-known aromatic wood.

The oil from the seeds is a minor source of vernolic and cyclopropenoid fatty acids. The dark heartwood is used for joinery, inlaying, handles, sticks and other decorative uses. The wood has also been used for posts, poles, bridges, mine poles, beams and produces excellent firewood and charcoal. Large plantations of S. siamea were established in Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone in the 1920s mainly for this purpose.

All parts of the plant can be used for tanning. In traditional medicine, the root is used to charm away intestinal worms and to prevent convulsions in children. The heartwood is said to be laxative and in Cambodia a decoction is used against scabies.

PROSEA.


Références

  • Bekele-Tesemma, Azene, 2007. Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, propagation and management for 17 agroclimatic zones. Nairobi, ICRAF - RELMA. 550 p. (Technical Manual 6). Voir l'article
  • Rollet, Bernard et coll., 2010. Arbres des Petites Antilles. Tome 1 : Introduction à la dendrologie. 276 p. Tome 2 : Description des espèces. 866 p. + 46 pl. coul. + CD de photos sur l'anatomie du bois. Basse-Terre, ONF. Voir sur Pl@ntUse.

Liens

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