Arenga pinnata

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.

palmier

Ordre	Arecales
Famille	Arecaceae
Genre	Arenga

2n = 32

Origine : Asie du Sud

sauvage ou cultivé

Français	palmier à sucre
Anglais	sugar palm

Résumé des usages

• sève obtenue des inflorescences :
  boisson, vin, vinaigre, sucre
• amidon (sagou) extrait du tronc
• jeunes feuilles : cœur de palmier
• albumen des fruits immatures consommé cuit (kolang kaling)
• larves élevées sur des troncs coupés
• mellifère
• fibres du tronc solides et durables
• fibres des racines et des feuilles aussi utilisées
• folioles utilisées en vannerie
• bois d'œuvre
• bois de feu : tronc, pétioles
• médicinal

Description

• 
  palmier
• 
  inflorescence
• 
  infrutescence
• 
  fruits

Noms populaires

français	palmier à sucre
anglais	gomuti palm, sugar palm, areng palm
allemand	Zuckerpalme, Gomuti-Palme
néerlandais	arengpalm, suikerpalm
espagnol	palma de azúcar
portugais	palmeira do açúcar, gomuteira
italien	palma dello zucchero
Philippines	kaong (tagalog), bagobat (bisaya), hidiok (bisaya) (PROSEA)
Indonésie	aren, enau, kawung (PROSEA)
Malaysia	enau, kabong, berkat (PROSEA)
Thaïlande	chok (sud), tao (nord) (PROSEA)
Vietnam	búng báng, doác, doát (PROSEA)
Laos	ta:w ta:d (nord) (PROSEA)
Cambodge	chuëk', chraè (PROSEA)
Birmanie	taungong (PROSEA)

Classification

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. (1917)

basionyme :

• Saguerus pinnatus Wurmb (1779)

synonyme :

• Arenga saccharifera Labill. ex DC. (1800)
• Caryota onusta Blanco (1837)

Histoire

• 
  Herbier Ming, 1644
• 
  Blanco, 1880-1883, Flora de Filipinas

Usages

• 
  récolte de la sève
• 
  extraction de l'albumen des fruits immatures pour le kolang kaling
• 
  kolang kaling
• 
  sucre
• 
  sucre

Arenga saccharifera Labill. Palmae. ARENG PALM. Tropical eastern Asia. This palm has been called the most useful of all palms. Griffith says, the young albumen preserved in sugar forms one of the well-known preserves of the Straits. Brandis says, the heart of the stem contains large quantities of sago, and the cut flower-stalks yield a sugary sap of which sugar and palm-wine are made. Graham says, at Bombay this palm affords tolerably good sago and the sap, palm-wine and sugar. Seemann says, the bud, or cabbage, is eaten. The sap, of which some three quarts a day are collected, furnishes toddy and from this toddy, jaggery sugar is prepared. The seed, freed from its noxious covering, is made into a sweetmeat by the Chinese. From the pith, a species of sago is prepared which, however, has a peculiar flavor.

Sturtevant, Notes on edible plants, 1919.

In the native area also cultivated, in semi-cultivation or escaped. The sugar containing sap, extracted by tapping from the peduncle of the male inflorescences, is made into palm sugar, palm wine, and vinegar. The endosperm of the seeds is eaten as a sweetmeat. From the pith of the trunk sago (East Indian sago, Java sago, East Indian tapioca) is obtained as famine food. The terminal bud is eaten as palm cabbage. The black horsehair-like fibres of the leaf bases serve the production of rigging and brushes as well as for covers of underwater telegraph cables, and for caulking of boats. The leaves are used for thatching houses. Wild distribution: SE Asia (mainland and isl.).

Mansfeld.

Références

• Balick, M. J. (1988) - The palm - tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation. Proceedings of a symposium at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Society for Economic Botany held at The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 13 - 14 June 1986. - Advances Econ. Bot. 6: 282 p.
• Blatter, E. - The palms of British India and Ceylon. Oxford Univ. Press London 1926: 600 p.
• Burkill, I. H. - A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2 Vols Ministry Agric. & Cooperatives Kuala Lumpur 1966: 2444 p.
• Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 522)
• Facciola, S. - Cornucopia. A source book of edible plants. Kampong Publ. Vista 1990: 677 p.
• Flach, M. & F. Rumawas (eds.) - Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia 9 Backhuys Publ. Leiden 1996: 237 p.
• Johnson, D. (ed.) - Palms for human needs in Asia. A. A. Balkema Rotterdam, Brookfield 1991: 258 p.
• Li, H.-L. - Nan-fang ts'ao-mu chuang. A fourth century flora of Southeast Asia: introduction, translation, commentaries. Chinese Univ. Press Hong Kong 1979: 168 p.
• Miller, R. H. (1964) - The versatile sugar palm. - Principes 8: 115-147.
• Sedgley, M. & J. A. Gardner (eds.) (1989) - International survey of underexploited tropical and subtropical perennials. - Acta Hort. 250: 206 p.
• Simmonds, N. W. (ed.) - Evolution of crop plants. Longman London 1976: 339 p.
• Terra, G. J. A. (1966) - Tropical vegetables. Vegetable growing in the tropics and subtropics especially of indigenous vegetables. - Dep. Agric. Res. Royal Trop. Inst., Amsterdam Communication 54e Royal Tropical Institute Amsterdam: 107 p.
• Uhl, N. W. & J. Dransfield - Genera palmarum. A classification of palms; based on the work of Harold E. Moore jr. Allen Press Lawrence 1987: 610 p.
• Watt, G. - The commercial products of India: being an abridgment of "The dictionary of the economic production of India". Murray London 1908: 1189 p.
• Wealth of India. (1948) - The Wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. - Raw Materials 1 Council Scientific Industrial Research New Delhi.

Liens

• BHL
• GRIN
• IPNI
• Mansfeld
• Multilingual Plant Name Database
• Plants for a future
• PROSEA sur Pl@ntUse
• PROTA sur Pl@ntUse
• Useful Tropical Plants Database
• Wikipédia
• World Flora Online