Apios americana
Apios americana Medik.
| Ordre | Fabales |
|---|---|
| Famille | Fabaceae |
| Genre | Apios |
2n =
Origine : aire d'origine
sauvage ou cultivé
| Français | pénac |
|---|---|
| Anglais | penag |
- tubercules comestibles
- ornemental
Description
-
plante
-
plante
-
fleurs
-
fleurs
-
tubercules
-
fruit et graines
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Noms populaires
| français | apios tubéreux, pénac |
| anglais | groundnut, potato bean, Indian potato, penag |
| allemand | Erdbirne |
| italien | troque, pera di terra |
Classification
Apios americana Medik. (1787)
synonymes :
- Apios tuberosa Moench (1794)
- Glycine apios L. (1753)
Cultivars
Histoire
-
Apios americana Cornut, Jacques-Philippe, 1635. Canadensium plantarum, p. 201
-
Witte & Wendel, 1868, Flora: afbeeldingen en beschrijvingen van boomen..., pl. 71
-
Wild Flowers of New York, 1918
Usages
Leguminosae. GROUNDNUT. WILD BEAN. Northeast America. The tubers are used as food. Kalm [1] says this is the kopniss of the Indians on the Delaware, who ate the roots; that the Swedes ate them for want of bread, and that in 1749 some of the English ate them instead of potatoes. Winslow [2] says that the Pilgrims, during their first winter, "were enforced to live on ground nuts." At Port Royal, in 1613, Biencourt [3] and his followers used to scatter about the woods and shores digging ground nuts. In France, the plant is grown in the flower garden [4].
Formerly an important food plant of Indian tribes and the first European settlers in North America, which gathered the subterranean tubers in large amounts and transplanted them sometimes to their campsites. Rather early introduced into Europe as a decorative vine, in several countries (e.g. France, N Italy) tried in experimental cultivations as a tuber crop (especially after the failure of the potato crop in the middle of the 19th cent.). Local cultivations of the apios has been reported from that time, e.g. in Romania. Recently apios is strongly recommended as a new crop in the United States and cultivation trials and breeding experiments had been initiated. According to older reports the E Asiatic Apios fortunei Maxim. (in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 18, 1873, 396) should have been grown as a tuber plant in Japan. Wild distribution: E and central North America from Canada to Texas and Florida.
Références
- Blackmon, W. J. & B. D. Reynolds (1986) - The crop potential of Apios americana - preliminary evaluations. - HortScience 21: 1334-1336.
- Chauvet, Michel, 2018. Encyclopédie des plantes alimentaires. Paris, Belin. 880 p. (p. 383)
- Cowan, C. W. (1985) - Understanding the evolution of plant husbandry in Eastern North America: lessons from botany, ethnobotany and archeology. - Anthropol. Pap. Mus. Anthrop. Univ. Michigan 75: 205-243.
- Reynolds, B. D., W. J. Blackmon, E. Wickremesinhe, M. H. Wells & R. J. Constantin (1990): Domestication of Apios americana (pp 436-442) - In: J. Janick & J. E. Simon (eds.) - Advances in new crops Timber Press Portland: 560 p.
- Topa, E. - Apios americana Medikus - an old cultivated plant in Romania. Lucr. Gràd. Bot. Bucuresti 1974: 33-40.
- Tropical Legumes: resources for the future. National Academy of Sciences Washington 1979: 331 p.